Origins: The Common Source of Two Distinct Compounds
Both nattokinase and vitamin K2 (specifically the menaquinone-7, or MK-7, subtype) are produced during the fermentation of soybeans by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto. The resulting sticky, fermented food, known as natto, is a staple of the Japanese diet and is consumed for its potential health benefits. However, while they share a starting point, they emerge from the fermentation process as entirely different classes of substances. Nattokinase is an enzyme—a type of protein—and vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin.
Nattokinase: The Fibrinolytic Enzyme
Nattokinase is a systemic enzyme known for its fibrinolytic activity, meaning it can break down fibrin, a protein involved in forming blood clots. This is why it is often touted for its blood-thinning properties and ability to support healthy circulation. Its primary actions and benefits relate to promoting blood flow and preventing the formation of unnecessary clots within the cardiovascular system.
- Blood clot dissolution: Nattokinase helps dissolve existing clots by breaking down the fibrin that holds them together.
- Blood pressure support: Some studies suggest that nattokinase supplementation can help lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
- Improved circulation: By aiding in the breakdown of fibrin, the enzyme can help improve blood flow, which may prevent conditions related to poor circulation.
Vitamin K2: The Calcium Regulator
Vitamin K2, or menaquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a central role in regulating calcium metabolism. Its main job is to activate specific proteins that direct calcium to where it is needed—like bones and teeth—and away from places it can be harmful, such as arteries and soft tissues. The most bioavailable form, MK-7, is found abundantly in natto.
- Bone health: Vitamin K2 activates osteocalcin, a protein that helps bind calcium to the bone matrix, improving bone density and strength.
- Arterial health: It activates matrix GLA-protein (MGP), which inhibits the buildup of calcium in artery walls, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- Dental health: Proper calcium regulation is also important for building and maintaining the health of teeth.
The Complementary Relationship
At first glance, the functions of nattokinase and vitamin K2 might seem contradictory, especially regarding their effects on blood clotting. Nattokinase thins the blood by dissolving clots, while vitamin K is known to support the coagulation process when necessary. However, experts explain that these effects do not necessarily cancel each other out. Instead, they work in different pathways to promote overall cardiovascular health. Nattokinase actively helps clean up fibrin to improve blood flow, while vitamin K2 works to maintain the health of the blood vessel walls by regulating calcium and ensuring blood clots only form when needed. This demonstrates a powerful, synergistic partnership for supporting a healthy heart and vascular system.
Nattokinase vs. Vitamin K2: A Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | Nattokinase | Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) |
|---|---|---|
| Type of Compound | Enzyme (a protein) | Fat-soluble vitamin |
| Source | Produced by Bacillus subtilis natto bacteria during fermentation | Produced by gut bacteria and found in fermented foods, grass-fed animal products |
| Primary Function | Breaks down fibrin to dissolve blood clots (fibrinolytic activity) | Regulates calcium metabolism and deposition |
| Cardiovascular Role | Supports healthy blood flow by preventing excessive clotting | Inhibits arterial calcification, reducing risk of heart disease |
| Key Benefit | Supports circulation and healthy blood pressure | Promotes bone density and arterial elasticity |
| Found in Natto | Yes | Yes (especially MK-7) |
Important Considerations for Supplementation
Since the taste and texture of natto are unappealing to many Westerners, supplements containing nattokinase, vitamin K2, or a combination of both are widely available. Supplementation can be a convenient way to obtain these nutrients, but there are important safety factors to consider, particularly due to their effects on blood clotting.
- Medication Interactions: Individuals taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications (blood thinners) should consult their doctor before taking nattokinase, as combining them could increase the risk of bleeding.
- Surgery: Nattokinase should be discontinued at least a week prior to any surgery, including dental procedures, to minimize the risk of excessive bleeding.
- Vitamin K2 on Blood Thinners: People on certain blood thinners like warfarin (a vitamin K antagonist) may need to avoid vitamin K2 supplements, while those on newer types of anticoagulants may not have the same restriction. Medical advice is essential in either case.
- Combined Supplements: Many products combine nattokinase and vitamin K2, leveraging their synergistic relationship. Always consult a healthcare professional to ensure this is appropriate for your specific health needs.
Conclusion
In summary, while both nattokinase and vitamin K2 are derived from the fermented superfood natto, they are fundamentally distinct compounds with different, yet complementary, health benefits. Nattokinase functions as a fibrin-dissolving enzyme that helps support healthy circulation and blood pressure, while vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for directing calcium to bones and keeping it out of arteries. Understanding these roles is key to appreciating their combined potential for cardiovascular and bone health. When considering supplementation, it is critical to consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you are on blood-thinning medication.
A Complementary Approach to Cardiovascular Health
Nattokinase works to actively thin the blood by breaking down fibrin clots, improving blood flow. Synergistic Action: Vitamin K2 prevents arterial calcification, working alongside nattokinase for a healthier vascular system. Beyond Natto: While natto is the richest source, vitamin K2 can also be found in other fermented foods and animal products. Crucial Consultation: Always speak with a doctor before starting any supplements, especially if taking blood thinners. Not a Replacement: Supplements containing these compounds should not be used as a substitute for prescribed medication without medical supervision.
FAQs
Q: What exactly is nattokinase? A: Nattokinase is an enzyme, a type of protein, extracted from the fermented Japanese soybean dish called natto. It is known for its ability to break down the protein fibrin, which is a key component of blood clots.
Q: What is vitamin K2? A: Vitamin K2, or menaquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps regulate calcium in the body. It is found in fermented foods like natto and in some animal products.
Q: What is the main difference between their functions? A: The main difference is their role in blood clotting and calcium metabolism. Nattokinase dissolves blood clots (fibrinolytic), while vitamin K2 helps regulate where calcium is deposited, directing it to bones and away from arteries.
Q: How do nattokinase and vitamin K2 work together? A: They work in a complementary way to support heart health. Nattokinase promotes healthy blood flow by breaking down clots, while vitamin K2 keeps arteries clear by preventing calcification.
Q: Are nattokinase supplements safe to take? A: Nattokinase is generally considered safe for most people. However, those on blood-thinning medication or with bleeding disorders should consult a healthcare provider first. It should also be avoided before surgery.
Q: Can you get enough nattokinase and vitamin K2 from food alone? A: While natto is an excellent source, it is an acquired taste for many. For those who don't eat natto regularly, supplements are the most reliable source for both compounds, especially for nattokinase.
Q: Do nattokinase supplements contain vitamin K2? A: Not always. High-quality nattokinase supplements are typically purified to remove vitamin K2, which is important for people on blood-thinning medications sensitive to vitamin K intake. However, combined supplements also exist.
Q: What is the best form of vitamin K2 to take? A: The MK-7 subtype of vitamin K2, commonly found in natto and supplements, is often preferred for its longer half-life in the bloodstream, allowing for more stable levels in the body.
