Dissecting the Dew: A Closer Look at Mountain Dew's Ingredients
Mountain Dew's signature neon-green hue and citrus flavor come from a specific blend of ingredients, many of which are artificial compounds. For years, the original formula contained controversial elements, and while some have been removed or changed, the current mix still consists of several chemicals that can impact health. Understanding the composition is key for consumers making informed dietary choices. Recent changes, including the phasing out of brominated vegetable oil, highlight how public pressure and updated regulations influence a product's formulation.
The Main Chemical Components
High Fructose Corn Syrup
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is the primary sweetener in most US versions of Mountain Dew, providing the bulk of its calorie and sugar content. Research links excessive consumption of HFCS to several health issues, including:
- Significant weight gain and obesity: Liquid sugars don't promote fullness, leading to higher overall calorie intake.
- Increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The body's processing of high levels of fructose can lead to insulin resistance.
- Elevated triglycerides: An excess can contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Yellow 5 (Tartrazine)
This synthetic lemon-yellow azo dye is responsible for Mountain Dew's distinctive color. Yellow 5, or tartrazine, has been a subject of concern, particularly regarding its potential effects on children. Some studies suggest a link between artificial food dyes and hyperactivity in sensitive individuals. The chemical has also been flagged by health advocacy groups like the Environmental Working Group (EWG) as a food additive of concern. While not conclusively linked to severe health issues in all people, its artificial nature makes it a point of contention for some consumers.
Sodium Benzoate and Other Preservatives
To preserve freshness and prevent spoilage, Mountain Dew contains sodium benzoate. In some instances, when sodium benzoate reacts with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), it can form trace amounts of benzene, a known carcinogen. To counter this, Mountain Dew adds Calcium Disodium EDTA, a chelating agent that helps inhibit this reaction. Erythorbic acid is another preservative used in the formulation.
Caffeine
As a stimulant, caffeine provides the energy boost associated with Mountain Dew. A 12-ounce can contains approximately 54 mg of caffeine, a higher amount than many other mainstream sodas. While generally safe in moderation, high or frequent intake can lead to:
- Caffeine dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
- Sleep disruption.
- Heightened anxiety in sensitive individuals.
Brominated Vegetable Oil (BVO): A Phased-Out Ingredient
Until recently, Mountain Dew contained brominated vegetable oil (BVO), an emulsifier used to keep citrus flavoring agents from separating. BVO has been a source of significant controversy and is banned as a food additive in many countries. Animal studies and reports from individuals consuming excessive amounts showed potential health risks, including harm to the thyroid and nervous system. Due to public pressure and accumulating evidence, the FDA effectively banned BVO in 2024, with a full removal from the US food supply mandated by August 2025. PepsiCo announced its removal from Mountain Dew years earlier.
Ingredient Comparison: Mountain Dew vs. Coca-Cola (Original)
| Ingredient | Mountain Dew (12 oz can) | Coca-Cola Classic (12 oz can) | Health Implication | Status in Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweetener | High Fructose Corn Syrup (46g) | High Fructose Corn Syrup (39g) | High sugar intake linked to obesity, T2D, and dental decay. | Primary caloric sweetener |
| Acid | Citric Acid, often with Erythorbic Acid | Phosphoric Acid | Contribute to enamel erosion and dental damage. | Included for tart flavor and preservation |
| Caffeine | 54mg | 34mg | Stimulant; excess can cause anxiety and sleep issues. | Included for stimulating effects |
| Preservative | Sodium Benzoate, Calcium Disodium EDTA | None (original formula uses phosphoric acid) | Sodium benzoate can form benzene in rare cases; EDTA helps prevent this. | Included for freshness |
| Artificial Colors | Yellow 5 (Tartrazine) | Caramel Color | Yellow 5 linked to hyperactivity in some; caramel color can have other implications. | Added for distinct appearance |
| Flavor Stabilizer | Gum Arabic | None | Emulsifier for flavor; considered safe. | Added for flavor consistency |
Frequently Consumed Additives and Their Functions
Citric Acid
Citric acid provides the tangy, citrusy flavor and acts as a preservative. It's a key factor in the drink's low pH level, which contributes significantly to dental enamel erosion over time.
Sodium Citrate
This sodium salt of citric acid functions as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer, balancing the sharp taste of the citric acid.
Gum Arabic
Gum arabic is a natural gum harvested from acacia trees, used as an emulsifier and thickener to stabilize the citrus flavors and prevent them from separating.
Conclusion: A Complex Chemical Cocktail
Ultimately, the original Mountain Dew is a complex, chemically-driven beverage, not simply a mix of sugar and carbonated water. Key chemicals like high fructose corn syrup, citric acid, sodium benzoate, Yellow 5, and caffeine work together to create its signature taste, color, and stimulating effect. While the company has removed one of the most controversial chemicals, BVO, due to public pressure and regulatory changes, other additives remain. The high sugar and acid content are particularly damaging to dental health, and excessive consumption of artificial sweeteners and caffeine presents other health considerations. For those concerned about their intake of artificial ingredients, it's worth reviewing the ingredient list of any soft drink, including different Mountain Dew varieties and competitor products, to make the best choice for their health.
A Better Beverage Choice
For those seeking a healthier alternative, simple choices like plain water, unsweetened sparkling water with a splash of natural fruit juice, or herbal iced tea offer hydration without the added sugars and artificial compounds found in many sodas.
Authoritative Source
Important Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional regarding dietary concerns and health conditions.
Related Topics
- Effects of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: An in-depth look at the health impacts of high-sugar drinks.
- Brominated Vegetable Oil (BVO) Ban: The history and science behind the FDA's decision to ban BVO.
- Artificial Food Dyes: Research and controversy surrounding food colorants like Yellow 5.
- Dental Health and Soda: How acidic and sugary drinks contribute to tooth decay.
