The American Name: Navy Beans and its Origins
For Americans, the name "haricot bean" is not a common part of the everyday culinary lexicon. Instead, the small, white, and oval-shaped legume is almost universally known as the navy bean. This designation has a distinct historical origin rooted in American military history. In the 19th century, the U.S. Navy began issuing these beans as standard rations for sailors on their warships. The beans were an ideal provision for long sea voyages because they were low-cost, packed with nutrition, and, most importantly, had an exceptionally long storage life without spoiling. These qualities made them an invaluable staple for fueling sailors at sea. Over time, the bean's strong association with the navy solidified its American name, solidifying its place in the country's culinary traditions.
Other American and Regional Monikers
While "navy bean" is the most recognized term, you might also hear this versatile legume referred to by a few other names in different parts of the country, particularly in historical contexts. These include:
- Boston beans: This name comes from their central role in Boston's famous baked bean dish. The city's association with baked beans is so strong that Boston is often affectionately nicknamed "Bean Town".
- Yankee beans: This moniker also reinforces the bean's connection to New England and its use in traditional dishes.
- Pea beans: The name pea bean refers to the legume's small, pea-like size.
Distinguishing Haricot (Navy) Beans from Other White Beans
For those unfamiliar with the different varieties, it is easy to confuse navy beans with other types of white beans. However, their physical characteristics, flavor profiles, and culinary applications differ. Here is a quick comparison of the most common white beans found in American kitchens.
| Feature | Navy Bean (Haricot) | Great Northern Bean | Cannellini Bean |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size | Smallest of the three, about the size of a pea. | Medium-sized, larger than navy beans but smaller than cannellini. | Largest of the three, elongated, and kidney-shaped. |
| Texture | Smooth and creamy when cooked, breaks down easily. | Tender skin and light, nutty flavor. Holds shape well. | Creamy and tender with a nutty, slightly earthy flavor. |
| Common Uses | Baked beans, soups, purees. | Soups, casseroles, purées. | Salads, stews (e.g., minestrone), Mediterranean dishes. |
Culinary Uses in the United States
Because of their mild flavor and ability to absorb other ingredients, navy beans are incredibly versatile. In addition to being the base for Boston baked beans, they are a fundamental ingredient in a number of other classic American dishes. A great example is the hearty Senate bean soup, which has been a menu staple at the U.S. Senate restaurant in Washington, D.C., since 1903.
For home cooks, dried or canned navy beans are a convenient and nutritious pantry staple. Here are just a few of the many ways they are prepared in the U.S.:
- Baked Beans: The iconic sweet and savory dish cooked slowly with molasses, brown sugar, and bacon or salt pork.
- Soups and Stews: The beans create a thick, creamy broth and are a perfect complement to vegetables and meats. For example, this Instant Pot recipe for Navy Beans is a simple way to prepare them for a delicious stew base.
- Salads: Their small size and mild taste make them an excellent addition to cold salads, like a classic three-bean salad.
- Purees and Dips: When fully cooked and mashed, they can be blended into a smooth and savory dip, similar to hummus.
A Note on Haricots Verts
It is important not to confuse haricot beans with haricots verts. While the name may seem similar, haricots verts are simply the French term for fresh, green beans. In the U.S., these are sold in the produce section and are a completely different product from the dried, white haricot or navy bean. A common mistake is assuming that any food labeled with the word "haricot" refers to the same legume.
Nutritional Benefits
Navy beans are not only a versatile and flavorful ingredient but also a nutritional powerhouse. They are an excellent source of plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and complex carbohydrates. Additionally, they are rich in essential vitamins and minerals, providing a healthy boost to any meal. Their long list of health benefits includes:
- Protein: Important for muscle repair and building.
- Folate (Vitamin B9): Crucial for cell growth and metabolism.
- Iron: Essential for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
- B Complex Vitamins: Plays a key role in energy production.
- Fiber: Aids in digestion and promotes a feeling of fullness.
- Magnesium: Involved in hundreds of bodily functions, including muscle and nerve function.
Conclusion
For Americans, the answer to "what do Americans call haricot beans?" is clear and concise: navy beans. This small, humble legume has a rich history tied to the U.S. Navy and has cemented its place in American cooking through classic dishes like Boston baked beans and hearty soups. While its name may vary depending on the country, its nutritional value and mild, creamy texture make it a beloved and versatile pantry staple for home cooks everywhere. Understanding these different names and recognizing the navy bean’s unique qualities is the first step toward incorporating this healthy and affordable ingredient into a variety of delicious meals.
