The Historical Roots of High Tea
High tea, historically, was not the dainty affair of finger sandwiches and pastries that many associate with the name today. Its origins are firmly rooted in the British working-class culture of the Industrial Revolution. Around 5 or 6 p.m., workers would return home for a filling meal served at the main dining table, or a "high table," which is where the name originates. This was in stark contrast to the upper-class tradition of "afternoon tea" (or "low tea"), which was a lighter snack served on low tables in drawing rooms. A traditional, historical high tea was designed to be substantial, replacing a full dinner after a long day of manual labor.
Savory Components of Traditional High Tea
The most notable distinction of a classic high tea is its focus on savory, hot food. While many modern interpretations include only finger foods, the original meal was a substantial affair.
- Meat and Fish: Hot dishes such as steak and kidney pie, meat pies, or fish and chips were common fare. Some menus would also include a cold meat platter with ham, beef, or other prepared meats.
- Eggs and Cheese: Dishes like devilled eggs or a savory cheese platter were often included to provide more protein and substance.
- Substantial Sandwiches: While cucumber sandwiches might make an appearance, the sandwiches were often more robust. Think heartier fillings served on thicker-cut bread.
- Breads and Accompaniments: Bread and butter was a staple, often alongside savory scones, cheeses, and pickles.
- Baked Dishes: Baked beans or crumpets with cheese were also popular additions that provided a hearty component to the meal.
Modern High Tea: A Blending of Traditions
Over time, especially in North America, the term "high tea" has been used interchangeably with "afternoon tea," leading to a modern version that is a hybrid of both traditions. Contemporary high tea menus often retain the delicate, multi-tiered presentation of afternoon tea but sometimes incorporate slightly more substantial items or a wider variety of both sweet and savory treats.
The Typical Modern High Tea Menu
Today, when you are served a "high tea" in a hotel or tea room, you can generally expect a three-tiered stand with a variety of items.
- Bottom Tier (Savory): This tier typically contains a selection of finger sandwiches, often with the crusts cut off, featuring classic fillings like cucumber, smoked salmon with cream cheese, coronation chicken, or egg mayonnaise. Sometimes, small savory pastries like mini quiches are also included.
- Middle Tier (Scones): This is the heart of the experience for many. Plain or fruit scones are served warm, accompanied by a generous portion of clotted cream and strawberry or raspberry jam.
- Top Tier (Sweets): This tier is dedicated to delicate pastries, cakes, and other sweet treats. Common items include macarons, miniature tarts, lemon drizzle cake, and petit fours.
- Beverages: The meal is served with a pot of tea, with popular choices being English Breakfast, Earl Grey, or herbal options. Some venues may offer a glass of champagne as an indulgent extra.
Comparison: Traditional High Tea vs. Modern High Tea
| Feature | Traditional High Tea (Working Class, Historical) | Modern High Tea (Often Called 'Afternoon Tea') |
|---|---|---|
| Timing | Early evening, 5-7 p.m. | Mid-afternoon, 2-5 p.m. |
| Purpose | A substantial evening meal after work | A social, leisurely occasion between meals |
| Setting | Served at a dining table ("high table") | Often served on a low table in a lounge or drawing-room setting |
| Key Food | Hearty, hot dishes like pies, meats, cheese on toast | Delicate finger sandwiches, scones, and pastries |
| Overall Feel | A filling, functional meal | An elegant, indulgent treat |
Conclusion
While the modern understanding of high tea often reflects the elegance of afternoon tea, it is useful to recognize its more substantial and working-class origins. The traditional high tea contained hearty food designed to satiate after a day of labor, a far cry from the delicate fare served on three-tiered stands today. Understanding this history adds a layer of richness to the experience, whether you are enjoying a historical reenactment or a contemporary, champagne-infused version. Ultimately, what high tea contains depends on whether you are looking at its historical context or its modern culinary interpretation, which has blended these two distinct British traditions. For an excellent breakdown of the historical distinction, one can explore the resources available at High Tea Society.
The Evolution and Appeal of High Tea
Regardless of its origin, the popularity of the tea ceremony, in all its forms, is a testament to its enduring appeal. It offers a moment to slow down, connect with friends and family, and indulge in a variety of tastes and textures. The modern high tea, by borrowing the best elements of its working-class and aristocratic cousins, has created a flexible and celebratory meal. Whether you prefer savory shortcrust treats or delicate lemon tarts, the modern high tea contains something for every palate. This evolution has made it a versatile tradition, suitable for everything from casual get-togethers to formal celebrations like bridal or baby showers.
How to Serve a Modern High Tea
For those wishing to host their own, serving a modern high tea can be a delightful project. Here is a simple guide to assembling the perfect menu:
- Choose a Variety of Teas: Offer classic black teas like English Breakfast or Earl Grey, along with herbal and green options to suit different preferences.
- Prepare the Sandwiches: Select a mix of fillings and cut the crusts off to create delicate finger sandwiches. Options like cucumber, egg salad, and smoked salmon are traditional.
- Bake or Buy Scones: Serve warm, fresh scones with clotted cream and jam. These can be prepared in advance and warmed just before serving.
- Assemble the Sweets: A mix of pastries, mini tarts, or cakes provides the perfect finishing touch. Don't be afraid to mix homemade with store-bought items.
- Set the Table: Use fine china if you have it, and include teacups, saucers, and plates. Ensure each guest has a napkin.
High Tea for Special Occasions
Modern high tea has become a popular choice for celebrations. For bridal showers, guests can enjoy a refined yet relaxed atmosphere. Baby showers can feature whimsical themed decorations and treats. Birthdays become a more memorable affair with a dedicated spread of sweet and savory delights. The meal's structure encourages conversation and lingering, making it perfect for marking a special event with loved ones. The versatility of the menu means it can be adapted for any celebration, from an intimate gathering to a large-scale party.
What does high tea contain? Exploring Regional Variations
The contents of a high tea can also vary by region, even within Britain. Some areas maintain a closer link to the working-class origins, while others have fully embraced the afternoon tea interpretation. In some parts of Northern England and Scotland, the evening meal is still often referred to as "tea," and it can be a substantial hot meal. In contrast, a high tea in a fine hotel in London will likely be an elegant, afternoon affair focused on delicate pastries. This regional and class-based difference highlights the complexities of the British culinary lexicon.
Embracing the High Tea Experience
Ultimately, whether you are seeking a traditional, working-class meal or a modern, elegant afternoon affair, the high tea experience is one to be savored. It's about more than just the food; it's about the company, the conversation, and the ceremonial act of sitting down to enjoy a cup of tea. So, whether your version contains hearty pies or dainty macarons, embrace the tradition and enjoy the moment.
FAQs
What is the difference between high tea and afternoon tea?
High tea was traditionally a substantial, early-evening meal for the working class, served at a dining table. Afternoon tea was a lighter, mid-afternoon snack for the upper class, served on low tables.
Why is it called "high" tea?
It is called "high" tea because it was historically served at the high dining table, as opposed to the low tables used for afternoon tea.
What kind of sandwiches are served at a modern high tea?
Modern high tea (which is often afternoon tea) typically includes delicate finger sandwiches with fillings like cucumber, egg mayonnaise, smoked salmon, and coronation chicken.
Are scones served at high tea?
Yes, scones are a key component of a modern high tea menu, served warm with clotted cream and jam.
Is high tea a full meal?
Historically, yes, traditional high tea was a substantial meal that served as a full dinner. The modern interpretation is more of a light meal or snack, though it can be quite filling.
What kind of tea should be served?
Classic black teas like English Breakfast or Earl Grey are standard. However, offering a variety of black, green, and herbal teas is common in modern settings.
Is it acceptable to ask for a take-out box for leftovers?
Traditionally, it was considered impolite to ask for leftovers. In modern, more casual settings, it is becoming more common, but etiquette still suggests it's best to leave any uneaten food.
