What foods can raise prolactin?

October 29, 2025 •

4 min read

A study found that protein-rich meals can stimulate prolactin secretion, especially in women, indicating a direct link between diet and this hormone. This observation raises important questions about what foods can raise prolactin levels and the specific dietary factors at play.

Quick Summary

Certain foods, primarily known as galactagogues like fenugreek, fennel, and whole grains, can increase prolactin levels, the hormone crucial for breast milk production. The article explores these foods and other dietary links.

Key Points

Galactagogues: Certain foods, known as galactagogues, are believed to increase prolactin, primarily for the purpose of boosting breast milk supply.
Herbal Choices: Fenugreek, blessed thistle, moringa, and fennel are popular herbs used as galactagogues, with varying levels of scientific support for their effect on prolactin.
Whole Food Options: Incorporating whole grains like oats, protein-rich legumes, nuts and seeds, and dark leafy greens can provide essential nutrients and may support healthy prolactin levels.
Protein and Sugar Link: Meals rich in protein can stimulate prolactin secretion, while avoiding excess refined sugar can help manage blood sugar, which is linked to stable prolactin.
Supply and Demand is Key: For lactation, the most effective method for increasing prolactin and milk supply is frequent nursing or pumping, as diet plays a supportive, not primary, role.
Avoid Certain Foods: If managing high prolactin, limiting alcohol, excess refined sugar, and processed foods is generally advised, while consuming a balanced diet.

Understanding the Link Between Food and Prolactin

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is most known for its role in stimulating milk production (lactation) after childbirth. For this reason, many foods reputed to increase breast milk supply are considered 'galactagogues,' and their effect is often linked to their ability to raise prolactin levels. While diet can certainly play a supportive role, it is essential to understand that the primary driver for lactation is the principle of supply and demand: the more frequently milk is removed, the more prolactin is stimulated to produce more milk. For individuals with naturally high prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) outside of pregnancy or breastfeeding, certain dietary changes may be advised to help manage levels.

Galactagogues: Foods Known to Boost Prolactin

Many foods and herbs have been traditionally used to promote lactation, with anecdotal evidence suggesting they may raise prolactin. Some have more scientific backing than others.

Herbal Galactagogues

Fenugreek: This is one of the most well-known herbal galactagogues. It contains phytoestrogens that may help stimulate prolactin production. Fenugreek can be consumed as a tea, capsule, or incorporated into cooking. Some people report a maple-like smell in their sweat and urine while taking it, and it can cause gastrointestinal discomfort.
Blessed Thistle: Often used in combination with fenugreek, blessed thistle is another traditional herb believed to increase prolactin levels. It is commonly taken as a capsule or tea.
Moringa: Also known as the drumstick tree, moringa leaves are used in many parts of the world to increase breast milk supply. Research has shown that moringa leaves contain compounds that can stimulate prolactin.
Fennel: This plant's seeds are believed to increase milk volume and fat content. Fennel contains phytoestrogens and can be added to teas or consumed in dishes.

Whole Food Galactagogues

Oats: A comforting and nutritious whole grain, oats are a popular choice for nursing mothers. They are a good source of iron, and some studies suggest the beta-glucan in oats may increase prolactin levels.
Brewer's Yeast: Found in lactation cookies and supplements, brewer's yeast is rich in B vitamins, iron, and protein, all of which are important for a nursing mother's diet.
Nuts and Seeds: Raw nuts like almonds, cashews, and walnuts, along with seeds such as flaxseed and sesame seeds, provide healthy fats, protein, calcium, and iron. Flaxseeds specifically contain phytoestrogens that may help with hormone regulation.
Legumes: Beans, lentils, and chickpeas have been used as galactagogues for centuries and offer a great source of protein and iron.
Dark Leafy Greens: Vegetables like spinach, kale, and collard greens contain phytoestrogens and are rich in vitamins and minerals that support lactation.
Specific Fruits and Vegetables: Apricots contain phytoestrogens, while carrots and yams are rich in beta-carotene and other nutrients that can support milk production. Unripe papaya is also used as a galactagogue in some cultures.

Dietary Factors Beyond Galactagogues

Beyond specific lactogenic foods, general dietary patterns can also influence prolactin, often indirectly through stress or hormonal regulation.

The Role of Protein and Blood Sugar

As mentioned, research shows that consuming protein can stimulate prolactin secretion. This effect, though usually minor and transient, highlights the general influence of macronutrients on hormone release. Furthermore, managing blood sugar levels is important, as glucose insensitivity has been linked to increased prolactin. A diet rich in protein and fiber, and low in refined sugars and carbohydrates, helps keep blood sugar stable and may support balanced prolactin levels.

Comparison Table: Common Galactagogues and Their Proposed Mechanism


Food Item	Key Compounds	Proposed Mechanism	Common Use
Oats	Beta-glucan, Iron	Beta-glucan may increase prolactin levels; Iron supports maternal health.	Porridge, cookies, granola
Fenugreek	Phytoestrogens	Mimics estrogen to potentially increase prolactin.	Teas, capsules, spice in cooking
Fennel Seeds	Phytoestrogens	Mimics estrogen to support milk production.	Teas, flavoring for dishes
Brewer's Yeast	B Vitamins, Protein	Nutrients support maternal health, indirectly affecting supply.	Lactation cookies, supplements
Almonds	Calcium, Healthy Fats	Provides essential nutrients for lactation and overall health.	Snacks, almond milk, baking
Dark Leafy Greens	Phytoestrogens, Nutrients	Phytoestrogens support milk production; rich in vitamins.	Salads, stir-fries, smoothies

Safety and Considerations

While using food to support lactation is common, it is crucial to approach it with caution. The effectiveness of many galactagogues is not fully supported by strong scientific evidence, and individual results can vary. Some herbs, like fenugreek, can have side effects and may interact with medications. The most effective method for increasing milk supply remains frequent and effective emptying of the breast, which drives the hormonal 'supply and demand' response.

For those with hyperprolactinemia, some foods should be limited. Alcohol consumption is known to increase prolactin levels due to its effect on dopamine production. Excess intake of refined sugars and processed foods can also contribute to hormonal imbalances. A healthcare provider or lactation consultant can provide personalized advice based on your specific health needs.

Conclusion

Diet can play a supportive role in influencing prolactin levels, particularly in the context of lactation. Galactagogues like fenugreek, oats, and fennel, alongside a balanced diet rich in whole foods, protein, and healthy fats, can be part of a regimen to support milk production. However, it is important to remember that these foods are not a substitute for frequent feeding or pumping, and their effects can be inconsistent. For individuals dealing with hyperprolactinemia, avoiding alcohol and processed sugars is often recommended. Always consult with a healthcare professional before relying on dietary changes or supplements to manage hormone levels.

For more detailed information on galactagogues and supporting milk supply, consult reputable sources like this Healthline article: Galactagogues: 23 Foods That Increase Breast Milk - Healthline.

Frequently Asked Questions

A galactagogue is a food, herb, or supplement that is believed to increase breast milk production. Many galactagogues are thought to work by stimulating the production or release of prolactin, the hormone responsible for lactation.

Yes, fenugreek is a well-known herbal galactagogue that contains phytoestrogens, which are believed to help stimulate prolactin production. However, effectiveness can vary, and it may not work for everyone.

Whole grains like oats and barley contain beta-glucan, a type of fiber that has been associated with increased prolactin levels in some studies. Oats are also a good source of iron, which is important for maternal health.

Nuts and seeds like almonds, sesame seeds, and flaxseeds are rich in protein, healthy fats, and essential minerals. These nutrients are crucial for a healthy diet during lactation and may contribute to hormone balance, though their direct effect on prolactin is not definitively proven.

A study found that protein-rich meals can stimulate prolactin secretion, especially in women. This indicates that the general nutritional content of a meal can have a minor, transient impact on prolactin levels.

If you have hyperprolactinemia, you may be advised to avoid or limit alcohol, excess refined sugar, and processed foods. Certain herbs like fenugreek and fennel should also be avoided as they are known to promote prolactin.

No, while diet is a supportive factor, the most important driver for increasing prolactin for lactation is the principle of supply and demand. Frequent and effective emptying of the breast sends signals to the body to produce more milk.

Yes, stress and stress-reducing activities, like relaxation and exercise, can influence hormone levels, including prolactin. A balanced diet and stress management can support overall hormonal health.