Understanding the Terminology: Pescetarian vs. Vegetarian
The most straightforward answer to the question "What is a vegetarian that doesn't eat chicken?" is a pescetarian. A true vegetarian diet, by definition, excludes all animal flesh, which includes poultry like chicken. The term pescetarian is a portmanteau of the Italian word for fish, pesce, and vegetarian, defining an eating style that incorporates fish and seafood into an otherwise vegetarian diet. It is a dietary choice often made for health, environmental, or ethical reasons that differ slightly from those of a strict vegetarian.
The Nuances of the Pescetarian Diet
A pescetarian diet is not a sub-category of vegetarianism, but rather a distinct eating pattern. It is primarily plant-based, rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, but also includes fish and seafood. Many pescetarians also consume dairy products and eggs, similar to a lacto-ovo vegetarian. This provides a broader range of nutrients and protein sources compared to a stricter vegetarian or vegan diet.
Why People Choose a Pescetarian Diet
There are numerous motivations for adopting a pescetarian diet over a standard vegetarian one. Health benefits are a primary driver, as fish is an excellent source of lean protein and essential omega-3 fatty acids, which support heart and brain health. For those concerned about animal welfare, a pescetarian diet can be a middle ground, as many feel the ethical considerations associated with land animal farming are different from those related to fishing. Furthermore, some individuals find that a pescetarian diet offers more dietary flexibility and dining-out options than a purely vegetarian lifestyle, making it a more manageable transition away from eating red meat and poultry.
Other Relevant Dietary Terms
It's easy to get confused with the many variations of plant-based and meat-inclusive diets. Understanding the distinctions helps clarify where a pescetarian fits in:
- Vegan: Excludes all animal products, including meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy.
- Lacto-ovo vegetarian: Excludes all meat, fish, and poultry but includes dairy products (lacto) and eggs (ovo).
- Lacto-vegetarian: Excludes meat, fish, poultry, and eggs but includes dairy products.
- Ovo-vegetarian: Excludes meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products but includes eggs.
- Flexitarian (or Semi-vegetarian): Primarily plant-based with the occasional inclusion of meat, poultry, or fish.
- Pollotarian: Excludes red meat and fish but includes poultry.
Comparing Pescetarianism with Other Diets
| Feature | Pescetarian | Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian | Vegan | Omnivore |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Meat | Excluded | Excluded | Excluded | Included |
| Poultry (Chicken) | Excluded | Excluded | Excluded | Included |
| Fish/Seafood | Included | Excluded | Excluded | Included |
| Dairy | Often Included | Included | Excluded | Included |
| Eggs | Often Included | Included | Excluded | Included |
| Primary Protein Sources | Fish, Plant-Based | Dairy, Eggs, Plant-Based | Plant-Based | Meat, Dairy, Eggs, Plant-Based |
Health Considerations of a Pescetarian Diet
From a health perspective, the pescetarian diet offers several key advantages. The inclusion of fish provides a robust source of protein, vitamin B12, and omega-3s, which can sometimes be a concern for strict vegetarians or vegans. Omega-3s, particularly EPA and DHA found in fatty fish like salmon and mackerel, are linked to reduced risk of heart disease and improved brain health. The diet's emphasis on plant-based foods also ensures a high intake of fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. However, pescetarians should be mindful of potential mercury exposure, especially from consuming large amounts of certain types of fish, and should choose low-mercury options where possible. For those wanting to reduce their environmental impact, choosing sustainably sourced seafood is recommended. For more detailed nutritional guidance on a plant-heavy diet, resources like the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia are invaluable.
Conclusion
So, what is a vegetarian that doesn't eat chicken? The accurate term is a pescetarian. This distinction is important for clarifying dietary choices and understanding the full scope of different eating habits. A pescetarian diet can be an excellent option for those seeking a primarily plant-based lifestyle with the added nutritional benefits of fish, offering a flexible and healthy middle ground between a traditional omnivorous diet and a strict vegetarian one. Whether motivated by health, ethics, or a desire for variety, the pescetarian diet stands as a distinct and well-defined dietary pattern.
Frequently Asked Questions
What do you call a vegetarian who eats seafood and no meat?
A vegetarian who eats seafood and no meat is called a pescetarian (or pescatarian).
Is it healthy to be a pescetarian?
Yes, a pescetarian diet is considered very healthy, offering the benefits of a plant-based diet alongside heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids from fish.
Is a pescetarian the same as a vegetarian?
No, a pescetarian is not the same as a vegetarian. A vegetarian excludes all animal flesh, including fish and seafood, while a pescetarian includes fish and seafood in their diet.
Do pescetarians eat eggs and dairy?
Yes, most pescetarians typically eat eggs and dairy products, though some may choose to exclude them.
Why do some people choose to be pescetarian over vegetarian?
Many people choose to be pescetarian for the added nutritional benefits of fish, such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12, or for ethical reasons that focus on land animals rather than fish.
What is a flexitarian diet?
A flexitarian diet is a semi-vegetarian diet that is primarily plant-based but includes meat, poultry, or fish on an occasional basis.
Can vegetarians get enough protein without meat or fish?
Yes, vegetarians can get enough protein from a variety of plant-based sources, such as beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, and whole grains, as well as dairy and eggs if they consume them.
