Unpacking the Names of Turkish Figs
The name Turkish fig is widely used, particularly for the commercially dried, pale-skinned figs originating from Turkey. However, several other names are used interchangeably or in specific contexts, leading to some confusion for consumers. The most prominent alternative name is Smyrna fig, a nod to the historical city of Izmir where these figs have been cultivated for millennia. Another well-known name, Calimyrna fig, emerged when Smyrna cuttings were brought to California and developed into a hybrid variety.
The Historical Significance of Smyrna Figs
Historically, the term "Smyrna fig" referred to the varieties cultivated around the ancient city of Smyrna, now modern-day Izmir. These figs, primarily of the 'Sarılop' cultivar, were prized for their exceptional quality and sweetness. The historical name stuck, and even after cultivation expanded, many dried figs from Turkey continued to be marketed under the Smyrna label. The name carries a sense of tradition and heritage, highlighting the region's long history of fig production.
The Calimyrna Connection
In the early 20th century, fig growers in California imported cuttings of the Smyrna fig. The resulting American-grown variety was dubbed "Calimyrna"—a portmanteau of "California" and "Smyrna". The Calimyrna fig is essentially the same genetic variety as the Smyrna fig but grown in a different climate and requiring a specific pollinator, the fig wasp, to produce fruit. This means that while Calimyrna figs are a type of Turkish fig, the name specifically refers to those cultivated in California.
Exploring Regional and Processing Names
Beyond the primary alternative names, Turkish figs can also be identified by regional distinctions or processing methods. For instance, the European Commission has registered "Aydin Inciri" as a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) for figs grown in the Aydın province of Turkey, recognizing the specific environmental and human factors contributing to their quality.
Several processing styles give rise to different names for dried Turkish figs:
- Lerida: Flattened and pressed figs.
- Protoben: Premium quality figs arranged in layers.
- Pulled: Figs prepared with domed tops and square bottoms.
- Garland: Lerida-style figs arranged in a round shape.
These terms are often used by wholesalers and in specialty markets, indicating a specific product presentation rather than a different variety.
Comparison Table: Turkish Fig Name Variations
| Name | Origin | Context | Fresh vs. Dried | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish Fig | Turkey | General commercial name | Dried | Common market name |
| Smyrna Fig | Izmir, Turkey | Historical/traditional | Both | Historically prized cultivar, often dried |
| Calimyrna Fig | California, USA | American cultivation | Both | Requires fig wasp, same variety as Smyrna |
| Aydin Inciri | Aydın, Turkey | Protected Geographical Indication | Dried | High-quality figs from a specific region |
Culinary Uses of Turkish Figs
Regardless of the name, these figs are beloved for their rich, sweet flavor and versatile nature. They can be enjoyed fresh when in season, but their primary use is in dried form, where their flavor intensifies and their texture becomes chewier. Dried Turkish figs are a staple in many cuisines and can be used in a variety of dishes. They are commonly paired with nuts and cheese for a healthy snack or appetizer. In baking, their natural sweetness makes them a perfect ingredient for cakes, pies, and other desserts. Soaking them overnight can also enhance their softness for recipes or consumption. For more details on incorporating figs into your cooking, consult culinary resources.
Conclusion
The various names for Turkish figs—most notably Smyrna and Calimyrna—reflect their rich history, geographic journey, and the specific cultivation processes involved. While these names may initially cause confusion, they are all ultimately linked to the same delicious fruit. The next time you encounter a package of Calimyrna or Smyrna figs, you can be confident that you are purchasing the high-quality, naturally sweet fruit with a fascinating Turkish heritage.
List of other fig cultivars:
- Black Mission figs
- Brown Turkey figs
- Kadota figs
- Adriatic figs
- Alma figs
