Decoding the Price Look Up (PLU) Codes
For years, those small stickers on fresh produce have been a familiar, yet often overlooked, part of the shopping experience. These codes, known as Price Look Up (PLU) codes, were first introduced in 1990 by the Produce Marketing Association to help cashiers and retailers quickly identify items and manage inventory. While originally designed for internal retail use, they have since become a valuable tool for consumers who want to make more informed choices about the food they buy. The key to cracking the code lies in the number of digits and the starting digit, which reveals the item's growing method.
The #9: Decoding the Organic Sticker
The easiest way to determine if a fruit or vegetable was grown organically is to look for a five-digit PLU code that starts with the number 9. This prefix is a globally recognized indicator for organically grown produce. The four digits that follow the '9' identify the specific type of fruit or vegetable. For example, a conventional banana has the code 4011, while an organic banana is labeled with 94011. This distinction is critical for shoppers committed to avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers during the growth process.
Understanding Other PLU Codes
Knowing the meaning of other PLU code prefixes provides a more comprehensive view of your produce choices.
Conventional Produce (Four Digits)
Most produce you encounter in the grocery store will have a four-digit code, typically starting with a 3 or 4. This indicates that the item was grown conventionally, using traditional farming methods that often involve synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Examples include the widely recognized code 4011 for a conventional banana or 4133 for a conventional Gala apple.
The Rare GMO Code (Prefix 8)
At one point, a five-digit PLU code beginning with the number 8 was intended to signify genetically modified (GMO) produce. However, this prefix was never widely adopted by commercial growers due to negative consumer perception and the voluntary nature of the PLU system. As a result, shoppers are unlikely to encounter this code in stores. Many GMO items, such as corn or soy, are found in processed foods and do not carry individual produce stickers.
Organic vs. Conventional vs. GMO Produce: A Comparison
To highlight the differences, here is a quick overview of what the various PLU codes signify about your food.
| Attribute | Organic (Prefix 9) | Conventional (Four Digits) | GMO (Prefix 8) |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLU Code | Five digits, begins with '9' | Four digits, usually begins with '3' or '4' | Five digits, begins with '8' (rare) |
| Growing Method | Organically grown, avoids synthetic pesticides and fertilizers | Conventionally grown, may use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers | Genetically modified, contains engineered genes |
| Availability | Common and readily available in most grocery stores | The most common form of produce sold in supermarkets | Extremely rare on fresh produce stickers |
| Examples | 94011 (Organic Banana), 94133 (Organic Gala Apple) | 4011 (Conventional Banana), 4133 (Conventional Gala Apple) | 84011 (Genetically Modified Banana - code not in common use) |
The Voluntary Nature of PLU Codes
It is important to remember that the PLU code system is entirely voluntary and is not a formal certification tool. While the '9' prefix is a reliable indicator for organically grown produce, the official certification in the United States is regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Companies can choose not to use the PLU code system, and some produce, especially from local farmers' markets, may not be labeled at all.
Beyond the Sticker: Other Organic Labels
For packaged goods or products beyond the fresh produce aisle, a different set of labeling standards applies. The official USDA Organic seal is used on products that meet specific criteria:
- 100% Organic: All ingredients are organic.
- Organic: Contains at least 95% organic ingredients.
- Made with Organic Ingredients: Contains 70–95% organic ingredients; these products are not permitted to display the USDA Organic seal.
Therefore, a five-digit PLU code starting with 9 is the signal for organic fresh produce, but for other organic products, it's essential to look for the USDA Organic seal.
Conclusion
Understanding the numbers on produce stickers can empower you to make quick, informed decisions while shopping. The five-digit PLU code starting with a 9 clearly signifies that the item is organic, while a four-digit code indicates conventional farming practices. Although the five-digit code starting with an 8 for GMOs is a possibility, it remains a rare sight on fresh produce. By paying attention to these simple numerical clues, you can align your purchases with your personal values for a healthier diet and a more sustainable food system. For a comprehensive list of all active PLU codes, the official IFPS website is a great resource.
