Global Estimates and Data Challenges
Determining exactly what percent of the population are vegans worldwide is a complex task. Numbers can vary depending on the data source, the survey methodology, and how 'vegan' is defined. Some surveys rely on self-reporting, while others use more rigorous criteria, such as a full animal product avoidance history. A widely cited figure from early 2025 estimates that roughly 1% of the world's population follows a vegan diet, equivalent to tens of millions of people. Other estimates from late 2024 suggest a slightly higher figure, around 3%, representing approximately 237 million people. This discrepancy underscores the difficulty of accurately quantifying this demographic, as some polls may conflate 'plant-based' eaters with strict vegans, and many people fluctuate in their dietary commitments.
Factors Influencing Veganism Statistics
- Definition of 'Veganism': Surveys may ask if someone identifies as vegan, follows a vegan diet, or abstains from all animal products including leather and cosmetics. The results can vary significantly based on the question asked.
- Survey Methodology: Results differ between online polls, telephone surveys, and academic research. A survey by Faunalytics showed that the number of people who claimed to be vegan was higher than the number who had not consumed animal products in the past month, revealing a gap between self-identification and practice.
- Regional Differences: The vegan population is not evenly distributed. Some countries show higher percentages due to cultural factors, while others have low rates.
- Data Recency: With the plant-based movement growing quickly, older statistics may not reflect current trends. Data from 2021, for example, is likely outdated.
Country-Specific Statistics
While the global average provides a starting point, national and regional data reveal a more nuanced picture. Some countries, influenced by a mix of cultural, religious, and modern ethical considerations, show significantly higher proportions of vegans than others.
The Vegan Population in Key Countries
- India: India stands out globally, with some estimates suggesting a high percentage of the population adheres to a vegetarian or vegan diet. Cultural and religious factors, particularly in Hinduism, have long favored plant-based eating, though exact vegan figures vary. Some research suggests up to 9% of respondents in India typically follow a vegan diet.
- Israel: Israel is often cited as having one of the highest per-capita vegan populations globally, with some estimates ranging from 5% to 8%. The city of Tel Aviv is known for its high concentration of vegan-friendly restaurants and events.
- United States: Recent surveys in the US suggest that around 1% of the population identifies as vegan, though some older polls show slightly higher figures. The broader category of plant-based eating, including vegetarian and flexitarian diets, is much larger.
- United Kingdom: As of 2024, estimates suggest there are around 2.5 million vegans in the UK, or 3.7% of the adult population. This reflects significant recent growth, with the number of vegans having increased substantially between 2014 and 2019.
- Germany: Germany has a notable vegan population, with some data indicating that 2% to 3% of the population is vegan. Alongside the UK, Germany is a leading European country for plant-based dietary trends.
Generational and Market Trends
The rise of veganism is particularly pronounced among younger generations and is reflected in consumer market shifts. Gen Z and Millennials are more likely to adopt vegan or plant-based lifestyles than older demographics. This generational divide is one of the key indicators of future growth potential.
Comparison: Generational Vegan Adoption (UK, 2023)
| Age Group | Percentage Who Follow a Vegan Diet |
|---|---|
| 18-19 | 4% |
| 20-29 | 4% |
| 30-39 | 6% |
| 40-49 | 3% |
| 50-59 | 2% |
| 60-64 | 1% |
This data highlights a clear trend where younger age brackets have a higher percentage of vegan individuals. While the numbers are still relatively small, the generational momentum suggests a continued increase in vegan adoption over time.
Market Response to Plant-Based Trends
Recognizing this shift, the market for plant-based products has exploded. As consumer demand for alternatives to meat and dairy grows, retailers and food companies are expanding their offerings. Sales of plant-based foods, including milk and meat alternatives, have seen substantial growth across Europe and the US. This market growth further normalizes vegan and plant-based eating, making it more accessible to the wider population.
Conclusion: Looking Beyond the Percentage
While the raw percentage of the population who are vegans remains relatively small, it is a misleading figure on its own. The statistics point to a dynamic and rapidly evolving landscape. The significant number of people trying veganism (as seen in Veganuary 2025 data), the growing flexitarian demographic, and the exponential rise in the plant-based food market all indicate that veganism's influence extends far beyond its core followers. The movement is being driven by younger generations motivated by ethical, environmental, and health concerns, with market accessibility playing an increasingly crucial role. As research methodologies improve and data points become more recent, the figures are likely to continue showing an upward trajectory.
For more information on the motivation and challenges of veganism, the research on perceptions about veganism from Kingston University, available through The Vegan Society, provides deeper insights into consumer attitudes and barriers.
