A high-profile 2014 study by Faunalytics is frequently cited to claim that a large majority of vegans and vegetarians abandon their dietary choices. However, this figure is based on a survey of former and current adherents in the U.S. and includes those who followed the diet for very short periods. More nuanced research provides a clearer, though still cautionary, picture of dropout rates. For example, a longitudinal study like EPIC-Oxford showed that a much smaller percentage of self-identified vegans and vegetarians returned to eating animal products over a period of 20 years. While there's no single, universally accepted number, it is clear that many people find sustaining a strictly vegan lifestyle challenging for a variety of reasons.
Health-Related Reasons for Quitting
For many ex-vegans, the decision to reintroduce animal products is driven by health concerns. A significant number report experiencing issues like nutrient deficiencies, persistent fatigue, and weight management problems. In many cases, these problems arise not from the diet itself, but from inadequate planning and nutritional knowledge. A poorly planned vegan diet can lead to deficiencies in key nutrients often found in animal products, such as Vitamin B12, iron, zinc, calcium, and essential fatty acids.
- Vitamin B12: This nutrient is produced by bacteria and is not reliably present in plant-based foods. Supplementation is essential for anyone following a vegan diet long-term, and a deficiency can cause serious neurological issues.
- Protein and Calories: Without careful planning, new vegans may not replace the protein and calories lost from removing animal products, leading to constant hunger and fatigue. The solution is often to focus on a balanced diet rich in beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, and grains.
- Body Type and Individual Needs: Some individuals, after years of veganism, simply feel that the diet doesn't work for their body's unique needs. Hormonal imbalances and other personal health issues are sometimes cited as contributing factors.
Social and Psychological Challenges
Beyond physical health, the social and psychological hurdles of maintaining a vegan lifestyle can be significant. The feeling of being an outsider or constantly having to justify dietary choices can lead to a sense of isolation and make it easier to lapse.
- Social Alienation: A Faunalytics study found that a majority of former vegans felt that their diet made them stand out too much from the crowd, revealing a deep-seated human need for belonging. Navigating social situations like family dinners, parties, and restaurant outings can be a source of constant stress.
- Food Cravings: The psychological pull of familiar foods, particularly cheese, is a powerful driver for many ex-vegans. These cravings can be triggered by stress, emotions, or simply the sight and smell of non-vegan dishes.
- Lack of Support: Many who quit report not being actively involved in a vegan community or support group. A strong support network can provide encouragement and resources to help navigate the difficulties of the lifestyle.
Economic and Practical Inconveniences
Perceived inconvenience and cost are also major factors contributing to recidivism, though often based on misconceptions. While a basic vegan diet of whole foods is often cheaper than one with meat, specialty vegan products can be expensive.
- Cost: While plant-based staples like lentils, rice, and produce are inexpensive, the rising popularity of veganism has led to a proliferation of premium-priced meat and dairy alternatives. For those on a budget, relying on these can make the diet seem unaffordable.
- Inconvenience: Time constraints for food preparation and navigating dining options while traveling can be a significant deterrent. This is particularly true for those who did not have a strong understanding of plant-based cooking before transitioning.
A Comparison of Recidivism Drivers
| Reason for Quitting | Impact on Adherence | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Health Issues | High, especially in the short-term | Often related to poor planning and lack of nutritional education. |
| Social Isolation | Moderate to High | The feeling of being an 'outcast' can erode motivation over time. |
| Food Cravings | Moderate, often episodic | Emotional or psychological triggers can lead to a lapse. |
| Inconvenience/Cost | Moderate | Perceived hurdles can outweigh benefits for many, though often based on misconception. |
| Lack of Knowledge | High, especially for beginners | Insufficient understanding of nutrition is a common cause of health issues. |
Conclusion: Nuance Over Alarmism
While the 84% figure is widely repeated, it's a generalization that obscures the complex reality of why people stop being vegan. The truth is that many lapse early on due to health mismanagement, social friction, or logistical inconvenience, rather than a failing of veganism itself. For those with deeper ethical convictions or stronger support systems, the adherence rate appears to be much higher over the long term. A sustainable vegan lifestyle requires thorough research, careful nutritional planning, and a strong personal and social support network. The goal is not to shame those who quit but to understand the reasons behind recidivism and equip future and current vegans with the tools they need to succeed.
How to Overcome Common Challenges
For those determined to maintain a plant-based diet, proactive measures can significantly increase the chances of long-term success. This includes focusing on comprehensive nutritional knowledge, building a support network, and adapting to social situations effectively. The key is to view it as a sustainable lifestyle rather than a restrictive, short-term fad. For further resources, The Vegan Society offers extensive support and guidance.
