What is Nattokinase?
Nattokinase is a natural enzyme produced during the fermentation of soybeans by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis natto to make the Japanese food natto. Discovered in 1987, the enzyme is known for its ability to dissolve fibrin, a protein found in blood clots. As a supplement, nattokinase is extracted, purified, and usually taken in capsule or powder form.
How Nattokinase Functions in the Body
Nattokinase supports cardiovascular health primarily by affecting blood clotting and circulation. It directly breaks down fibrin, the protein forming blood clots. Nattokinase also indirectly helps dissolve clots by increasing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which aids in producing plasmin, another clot-dissolving enzyme. Additionally, it degrades plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which inhibits the body's natural clot breakdown process. Some research also indicates nattokinase can help prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation.
Comparing Nattokinase and Other Protease Supplements
Nattokinase is a proteolytic enzyme like serrapeptase, but they have different primary functions.
| Feature | Nattokinase | Serrapeptase |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Function | Cardiovascular health by dissolving fibrin and thinning blood. | Supports a healthy inflammatory response and breaks down non-living proteins. |
| Source | Fermented soybeans (Bacillus subtilis natto). | Extracted from the silkworm gut (Serratia bacteria). |
| Mechanism | Targets fibrin, increases t-PA, and degrades PAI-1 to enhance fibrinolysis. | Breaks down non-living tissue, mucus, and inflammatory proteins. |
| Key Uses | Supports healthy circulation, manages blood pressure, and reduces the risk of clots. | Supports joint health, respiratory comfort, and recovery from injury. |
Potential Health Benefits
Research suggests nattokinase offers several cardiovascular and other health benefits. These include support for overall heart and circulatory health by improving blood flow and dissolving clots. Studies also show it can help reduce blood pressure in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension. Nattokinase may also slow atherosclerosis progression by degrading fibrin in arterial plaque and improve overall circulation. Some studies suggest it might help with chronic sinusitis by reducing nasal polyps and thinning mucus.
Sourcing and Potency Measurement
Nattokinase supplements come in various forms, and their potency is typically measured in Fibrinolytic Units (FU). When considering a nattokinase supplement, it's recommended to choose products that have been certified by third parties for quality and purity. Always follow manufacturer instructions or consult a healthcare provider.
Precautions and Potential Side Effects
Nattokinase is generally considered safe but has important considerations. Due to its effects on blood clotting, it can increase bleeding risk, especially when taken with blood-thinning medications. It is essential to consult with a doctor before using nattokinase, particularly before any scheduled surgery. Individuals with soy allergies should exercise caution or avoid nattokinase. Furthermore, nattokinase is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to limited research on its safety in these populations.
Conclusion
Nattokinase is a serine protease enzyme supplement derived from fermented soybeans with strong fibrinolytic properties. It works to improve circulation and support heart health primarily by breaking down fibrin, the protein crucial for blood clot formation. While research suggests potential benefits for dissolving clots and possibly lowering blood pressure, its inherent blood-thinning effect necessitates caution, especially for individuals currently taking anticoagulant medication or those anticipating surgery. For safe usage, always prioritize choosing certified products and consulting with a healthcare professional. Nattokinase presents a promising natural option for supporting heart and circulatory health.
