Understanding the Types of Water
When you stand in the water aisle at the grocery store, the options can be overwhelming. From imported glass bottles to plastic jugs of purified water, each type offers different characteristics that may or may not impact your health. Understanding these categories is the first step to figuring out what's the healthiest water to buy.
Natural Mineral Water and Spring Water
Sourced from underground formations, these waters are bottled at the source and contain naturally occurring minerals. The key difference lies in the constancy of their mineral composition. Mineral water must have a consistent mineral and trace element level, while spring water's composition can vary. Brands like Mountain Valley, Fiji, and Evian are popular examples. These minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, are linked to health benefits like improved bone density and blood pressure regulation. However, the amount is often minimal compared to a balanced diet, and shipping them long distances adds to their environmental cost.
Purified and Distilled Water
This water, which often starts as tap or groundwater, has been processed to remove chemicals, contaminants, and minerals. Reverse osmosis and distillation are common purification methods. While this process results in very pure water, it also strips away beneficial minerals. Brands like Aquafina and Dasani are examples of purified water, with some bottlers adding a proprietary blend of minerals back for taste. Distilled water, created by boiling and re-condensing steam, is the purest form but completely devoid of minerals, which can give it a flat taste.
Alkaline Water
Alkaline water has a pH higher than regular drinking water, typically between 8 and 9. This higher pH can occur naturally as water passes over minerals like limestone or be achieved artificially through a process called electrolysis. Proponents suggest it can neutralize acid in the body, but the scientific evidence is limited, and your body naturally regulates its pH. Risks include potential interference with medication and stomach acid. Brands like Essentia and Icelandic Glacial offer alkaline water.
The Strong Case for Filtered Tap Water
For most people in developed countries, tap water is the best and most affordable option. Public water systems are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and tested regularly for contaminants. Bottled water, regulated by the FDA as a food product, faces different, sometimes less stringent, oversight. Adding a simple filter at home can further improve taste and remove residual contaminants like chlorine.
Environmental and Health Costs of Bottled Water
The environmental impact of bottled water is substantial. Plastic bottle production is energy-intensive, and their improper disposal leads to widespread pollution. The long journey from source to shelf and potential heat exposure also raise concerns about chemical leaching and the presence of microplastics. Filtered tap water, on the other hand, dramatically reduces plastic waste and energy consumption.
Comparison of Water Options
| Feature | Mineral/Spring Water | Purified Water | Alkaline Water | Filtered Tap Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral Content | Naturally high | Minimal, sometimes added | Natural or added | Varies by location, filter type |
| Purity | High at source | Very high | Varies based on source and process | High, can be improved with filtration |
| Regulation | FDA (in-state variations exist) | FDA (in-state variations exist) | FDA (same as other bottled) | EPA |
| Environmental Impact | High (transport, plastic/glass waste) | High (production, plastic waste) | High (production, packaging) | Low (reusable bottles) |
| Cost | Highest | Medium | High | Lowest |
Making the Best Choice for You
Determining the single healthiest water is complex because the best option depends on your priorities. For those prioritizing natural minerals and taste, spring or mineral water can be a good choice, but it comes at a higher environmental and financial cost. For maximum purity without the bottled water controversy, purified water is an option. However, for most, the clear winner is filtered tap water.
Filtered tap water is the most sustainable, economical, and—when properly filtered—among the purest options available. It avoids the microplastic contamination and chemical leaching concerns associated with plastic bottles. By using a home filtration system, you gain control over the quality of your water, and you can add mineral supplements if desired.
Tips for Selecting and Enjoying Healthy Water
- Get a filter: Invest in a high-quality water filter for your tap or pitcher to ensure clean, great-tasting water at a fraction of the cost of bottled water.
- Use reusable bottles: Opt for glass or stainless steel reusable bottles to minimize plastic exposure and waste.
- Consider mineral supplements: If you prefer the benefits of minerals, consider adding mineral drops to your filtered tap water.
- Research local water quality: Check your local water quality reports, which public suppliers are legally required to provide, to know exactly what's in your water.
- For travel or emergencies: Keep bottled water for emergencies or when you are in an area with compromised water, but make filtered tap your daily choice.
For more information on water and health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers resources on the importance of staying hydrated with healthy beverage choices.
Conclusion
Ultimately, the healthiest water to buy often isn't on a store shelf. While mineral and spring waters offer beneficial minerals, and alkaline water is a popular trend, filtered tap water remains the most sustainable, cost-effective, and safe daily option for most people. By choosing a quality home filtration system and a reusable bottle, you can enjoy clean, great-tasting water while protecting both your health and the environment.
