Espresso brewing techniques result in diverse flavor profiles and caffeine levels. The ristretto and long shot (also known as a lungo) are at opposite ends of the extraction spectrum. The key question is, which has more caffeine, ristretto or long shot? The long shot has more caffeine per serving. This is primarily due to increased water volume and extended extraction time, which pulls more caffeine from the coffee grounds.
The Science of Extraction
Caffeine is water-soluble, but is extracted from coffee grounds at different rates than flavor compounds. The first compounds extracted are generally acidic and fruity notes, followed by sweetness, then bitter notes later in the process. The amount of caffeine extracted is related to how long the water is in contact with the coffee grounds and the total volume of water used.
- Ristretto (Restricted): Uses the same amount of ground coffee as a standard espresso, but with about half the water and a shorter pull time (around 15-20 seconds). This results in a concentrated, sweeter, and less bitter shot because extraction is cut short before the bitter compounds and all the caffeine have a chance to dissolve.
- Long Shot (Lungo): Uses the same amount of coffee grounds but with significantly more water and a longer extraction time (sometimes up to 45-60 seconds). The extended time and water volume extract a broader range of compounds, including more of the bitter notes and, more importantly, more caffeine.
Ristretto vs. Long Shot: A Caffeine and Flavor Comparison
While a ristretto is more concentrated and has a bolder flavor per sip, the long shot has more total caffeine because the additional water washes more of the caffeine out of the grounds.
Typical Caffeine Ranges and Profiles
| Feature | Ristretto (Short Shot) | Standard Espresso | Long Shot (Lungo) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volume | ~15-20 ml (~0.5-0.75 oz) | ~30 ml (~1 oz) | ~60 ml (~2 oz) |
| Extraction Time | ~15-20 seconds | ~25-30 seconds | ~45-60 seconds |
| Brew Ratio (Coffee:Water) | ~1:1 to 1:1.5 | ~1:2 | ~1:3 to 1:4 |
| Total Caffeine (approx.) | ~40-60 mg | ~63-80 mg | ~80-100 mg |
| Flavor Profile | Intense, sweet, fruity, less bitter | Balanced, complex, some bitterness | Milder, more bitter, full-bodied, can be harsh |
Note: Caffeine content can vary greatly depending on the type of coffee beans used (Robusta has more caffeine than Arabica), roast level, and specific brewing parameters.
Conclusion
The long shot is the clear winner in the battle for total caffeine content. By extending the extraction time and using more water, more caffeine compounds are dissolved into the final cup compared to the quickly-pulled ristretto. A ristretto delivers a highly concentrated and intense flavor experience, but actually contains slightly less total caffeine because its extraction is intentionally restricted. The choice between the two depends on preference for flavor profile and desired caffeine intake. If a quick, sweet flavor with less caffeine is desired, choose a ristretto. If a larger, more traditional coffee-like beverage with a higher caffeine kick is preferred, the long shot is the right choice.
