The Key Difference: 100% Agave vs. Mixto
Authentic tequila is a spirit distilled from the blue agave plant, a succulent that is inherently gluten-free. For a bottle to be labeled "100% agave" or "100% puro de agave," it must be produced exclusively from blue agave sugars, ensuring no gluten-containing grains are used in its base. This makes any tequila carrying this label a safe bet for those with celiac disease or gluten intolerance. The issue of gluten arises with "mixto" tequila. Mexican regulations permit mixtos to contain as little as 51% agave sugars, with the remaining 49% coming from other, often cheaper, sugar sources like cane sugar or corn syrup. While the distillation process typically removes gluten proteins even from grain-based spirits, the additives used in mixtos after distillation introduce a risk of gluten contamination.
The Problem with Mixto Tequilas
The primary reason a mixto tequila may not be gluten-free is the potential for gluten-containing additives. The Mexican government allows four types of additives, known as abocantes, in tequilas, including glycerin for texture, caramel coloring, oak extract, and sugar-based syrups. It is the addition of these flavorings and colorings, especially when derived from non-agave sources, that can introduce gluten into the final product. Furthermore, some distilleries produce both gluten-containing spirits (like whiskey) and tequila, creating a risk of cross-contamination for highly sensitive individuals, even with 100% agave products.
Key signs to identify potentially unsafe tequila include:
- Absence of the '100% agave' label: If the bottle doesn't explicitly state '100% agave,' it is a mixto.
- Colored tequila without aging indication: If a cheap gold tequila lacks an 'añejo' or 'reposado' label, its golden hue likely comes from added caramel coloring.
- Artificial or non-traditional flavors: Flavored tequilas or ready-to-drink mixers have a higher likelihood of containing non-agave additives that could hide gluten.
- Extremely low price point: Cheaper tequilas are more likely to be mixtos and use non-agave additives to cut costs.
Spotting Gluten Beyond the Bottle
For those with gluten sensitivity, the risk doesn't stop at the tequila bottle. Mixed drinks and cocktails can introduce gluten through other ingredients. Premade margarita mixes, for example, can contain thickening agents or flavorings with gluten. When ordering at a bar, it's wise to ensure all cocktail ingredients are gluten-free, including any liqueurs or syrups used. Even some canned tequila-based seltzers may contain gluten, so label reading is essential. For maximum safety, stick to mixing 100% agave tequila with naturally gluten-free ingredients like fresh lime juice and agave nectar.
A Quick Guide to Choosing Gluten-Free Tequila
To confidently choose a gluten-free tequila, the rule is simple: read the label. Look for the phrase "100% puro de agave" or "100% agave." If this phrase is absent, assume it is a mixto and a potential source of gluten. For extra assurance, research brands or look for products certified gluten-free, like Tequila Avión.
Comparison: 100% Agave vs. Mixto Tequila
| Feature | 100% Agave Tequila | Mixto Tequila |
|---|---|---|
| Ingredients | 100% blue agave sugars | Minimum 51% blue agave sugars; up to 49% from other sources |
| Gluten Safety | Naturally gluten-free, safest choice | Potential risk due to additives post-distillation |
| Flavor Profile | Pure agave taste, more complex | Less agave flavor, often sweeter due to added sugars |
| Labeling | Clearly marked "100% agave" | May only say "tequila"; no "100% agave" guarantee |
| Price | Typically a higher price point | Generally less expensive |
Conclusion: Which Tequila Is Not Gluten-Free?
While the distillation of tequila from blue agave makes the pure spirit naturally gluten-free, it is the cheaper mixto tequilas that pose a risk. Mixtos can contain up to 49% non-agave sugars and additives, which are the most common source of gluten contamination. To ensure your tequila is free from gluten, always look for the "100% agave" label. Additionally, exercise caution with flavored tequilas, ready-to-drink products, and cocktail mixers, as they can also contain hidden gluten. For those with celiac disease or high gluten sensitivity, selecting a certified gluten-free brand like Tequila Avión provides the highest level of safety. By being a discerning consumer and reading labels carefully, you can confidently enjoy tequila without concern for gluten. For more information, visit the Beyond Celiac website.
Avoiding Gluten-Containing Tequila
- Check the Label: Always look for "100% agave" or "100% puro de agave" to avoid mixtos.
- Be Wary of Flavorings: Avoid flavored tequilas unless you can confirm all ingredients are gluten-free.
- Scrutinize Cocktail Mixes: Premade margarita or cocktail mixes can contain hidden gluten.
- Beware of Cross-Contamination: For severe sensitivity, verify if the distillery processes gluten-containing grains.
- Price is an Indicator: Inexpensive tequilas are more likely to be mixtos with potential gluten risk.
Conclusion
In summary, the risk of a tequila not being gluten-free stems from its quality and production process. True 100% agave tequila is a naturally gluten-free product, derived exclusively from the blue agave plant. The danger lies in cheaper mixto tequilas, which are legally permitted to use a percentage of non-agave sugars and additives that can introduce gluten. By checking labels for the "100% agave" designation and avoiding flavored or pre-mixed options, those with celiac disease or gluten intolerance can safely enjoy tequila.
