Who cannot take lemon water? Potential health risks and side effects

January 9, 2026 •

4 min read

While often praised as a miracle drink for wellness, the high acidity of lemon juice is known to erode tooth enamel over time. For this very reason, understanding who cannot take lemon water is crucial for avoiding adverse health effects, especially for those with pre-existing medical conditions.

Quick Summary

This guide details the specific health risks and contraindications associated with lemon water, outlining which individuals should avoid it due to conditions like acid reflux, sensitive teeth, and allergies.

Key Points

Acid Reflux & GERD: Lemon water's high acidity can worsen heartburn and irritate the esophagus for those with reflux conditions.
Dental Erosion: The citric acid in lemons erodes tooth enamel, leading to increased sensitivity and a higher risk of cavities.
Sensitive Stomachs: For individuals with gastritis or ulcers, lemon water can cause irritation, cramping, and nausea.
Citrus Allergies: Although rare, some people are allergic to lemons, experiencing symptoms from oral discomfort to more severe reactions.
Medication Interference: Lemon compounds can interact with certain medications, including those for blood pressure and thyroid issues.
Diuretic Effects: Excessive consumption may lead to frequent urination and potential dehydration, especially if not balanced with plain water.
Mouth Sores: The acid can aggravate and slow the healing of mouth ulcers and canker sores.

Who Cannot Take Lemon Water Safely?

For many, a glass of lemon water is a refreshing and hydrating daily ritual. It is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, and many people believe it aids digestion and supports the immune system. However, the popular beverage is not suitable for everyone. For certain individuals, the high acidity and other properties of lemon juice can trigger uncomfortable symptoms or worsen existing health conditions. It is essential to be aware of these risks to ensure your hydration habits are truly beneficial for your body.

Individuals with Acid Reflux or GERD

One of the most common reasons people should avoid lemon water is if they suffer from acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or frequent heartburn. Lemons are highly acidic, with a pH of around 2 to 3, which is comparable to stomach acid.

The acid can directly irritate the esophagus, which is already sensitive due to reflux episodes.
It can also relax the lower esophageal sphincter, the muscle that prevents stomach acid from flowing back up into the esophagus.
Some people might believe lemon water has an 'alkalizing' effect, but this claim is not supported by scientific evidence and can be dangerous for reflux sufferers.

For those with severe reflux, even diluted lemon water can activate pepsin, a stomach enzyme that damages tissues in the throat and esophagus when exposed to acid. Sticking to plain water or non-citrus-based teas is the safer option.

People with Sensitive Teeth or Enamel Erosion

Dental health is a primary concern for frequent lemon water drinkers. The citric acid in lemons is a potent agent of enamel erosion.

Over time, repeated exposure to this acid can wear down tooth enamel, the protective outer layer of your teeth.
This can lead to increased tooth sensitivity, discoloration, and a higher risk of developing cavities and decay.
Brushing immediately after drinking lemon water is ill-advised, as the enamel is softened by the acid and can be abraded more easily. Dentists recommend waiting at least 30 to 60 minutes.

To minimize this risk, it is recommended to drink through a straw to reduce contact with teeth and to rinse your mouth with plain water immediately afterward.

Those with Sensitive Stomachs, Gastritis, or Ulcers

While some find lemon water soothing, its acidity can be an irritant for individuals with pre-existing digestive sensitivities. People with gastritis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), or stomach ulcers might find that lemon water exacerbates their symptoms.

The acid can directly irritate the sensitive stomach lining, potentially causing cramping, nausea, bloating, or diarrhea.
In cases of active stomach ulcers, the citric acid can cause a stinging sensation and delay the healing process.
For these individuals, a highly diluted version or avoiding it entirely may be necessary. It is crucial to listen to your body and consult a doctor if discomfort occurs.

Individuals with Citrus Allergies

Though less common than other food allergies, citrus allergies are a real and potentially serious condition. A person with a citrus allergy can experience reactions from touching or ingesting lemons.

Symptoms: These can range from mild itching, tingling, or swelling of the mouth and throat to more severe symptoms like hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Cross-Reactivity: Individuals with grass pollen allergies might also experience cross-reactivity with citrus fruits, a condition known as Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS).
Anaphylaxis: While rare, severe anaphylactic reactions to citrus fruits have been reported, making avoidance critical for those with a known allergy.

Those on Certain Medications

Lemon juice can interact with certain medications, affecting how the body metabolizes them. This is a crucial point for anyone taking regular prescription drugs.

Blood Pressure Medications: Citrus juices can interfere with the absorption of some blood pressure medications.
Diabetes Medications: Similarly, it can affect how the body processes diabetes medications.
Thyroid Medications: Some compounds can alter the metabolism of thyroid medications, rendering them less effective.

It is always recommended to consult your healthcare provider before incorporating lemon water into your daily routine if you are on medication.

Comparison of Lemon Water vs. Alternatives


Feature	Lemon Water (Daily/Excessive)	Plain Water (Unflavored)	Fruit-Infused Water (Non-Citrus)
Effect on Acid Reflux	Can worsen symptoms due to acidity.	Neutral and safe.	Safe; non-acidic fruits like cucumber or berries are ideal.
Effect on Teeth	Risk of enamel erosion and sensitivity.	No dental risk; helps clean teeth.	Minimal risk, especially with non-acidic fruits.
Stomach Sensitivity	Can irritate the stomach lining for sensitive individuals.	Gentle and soothing on the stomach.	Generally gentle and promotes hydration.
Hydration	Good, but can have a mild diuretic effect.	Excellent for consistent, neutral hydration.	Excellent, adds flavor without negative effects.
Medication Interaction	Potential for adverse interactions with certain drugs.	No known interactions.	No known interactions.

Conclusion

While lemon water is a celebrated wellness trend, it is far from a one-size-fits-all solution for health. For individuals with conditions such as acid reflux, dental sensitivity, citrus allergies, and certain digestive issues, consuming lemon water can lead to discomfort and exacerbate symptoms. Its potential to interact with medications and its mild diuretic effect also warrant caution. The key takeaway is moderation and mindful consumption. Always listen to your body and, when in doubt, consult a healthcare professional. Plain water or non-citrus-infused water remains the safest and most reliable choice for general hydration. For those concerned about dental health, drinking through a straw and rinsing the mouth can help mitigate risks. A balanced approach ensures you reap the benefits of hydration without experiencing the drawbacks. Everyday Health offers additional advice on how to drink lemon water safely.

Frequently Asked Questions

While heavy dilution might reduce irritation for some, the high acidity of lemons can still trigger acid reflux symptoms. Most experts recommend avoiding lemon water altogether if you have GERD or severe reflux.

To minimize tooth damage, drink lemon water through a straw to reduce direct contact with enamel. Also, rinse your mouth with plain water immediately after consuming it and wait at least 30 minutes before brushing your teeth.

Yes, lemon juice and other citrus products can interfere with certain medications, including some for blood pressure. It is crucial to consult your doctor or pharmacist about any dietary changes, especially if you take regular medication.

In some individuals, yes. Lemons contain tyramine, an amino acid known to trigger migraines in sensitive people. If you experience migraines after consuming other tyramine-rich foods, it may be best to avoid lemon water.

This is a common myth. While lemon water supports hydration and can aid in digestion, your liver and kidneys are the body's natural detoxification system. The lemon itself does not provide a 'detox' effect.

Yes, it is best to avoid lemon water if you have mouth ulcers or canker sores. The citric acid can cause a painful stinging sensation and further irritate the sensitive tissue, prolonging healing.

Lemon water has a mild diuretic effect due to its high vitamin C content, which increases urine production. Consuming too much without balancing it with plain water can potentially lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.