The glossy sheen on supermarket oranges and lemons is often the result of waxing, a common industry practice. This process is critical for the commercial distribution of citrus fruits, ensuring they look appealing and remain fresh for a long time.
The Purpose of Waxing Citrus
All citrus fruits, including oranges and lemons, produce their own protective wax layer while growing. This natural coating helps to retain moisture and protect the fruit. However, after harvesting, the fruits are washed to remove dirt, soil, and pesticides, which removes the natural wax.
To compensate for this, a food-grade wax is applied. This wax provides several benefits:
- Prevents Moisture Loss: It acts as a barrier to slow down water evaporation, which prevents the fruit from drying out and shriveling.
- Extends Shelf Life: Waxing reduces moisture loss and protects against mold, which extends the fruit's freshness for weeks or even months.
- Enhances Appearance: The wax gives the fruit a shiny look, which is more attractive to consumers.
- Protects During Transit: It adds a protective layer that helps prevent damage during transportation.
Some research suggests that lemons may undergo a two-stage waxing process, while oranges often receive a single treatment.
How to Tell if Oranges are Waxed
The most obvious way to tell if a fruit is waxed is by its appearance. Waxed citrus is glossy and may feel slightly sticky or slick to the touch. Unwaxed produce has a duller color and a rougher texture. Health food stores and farmers' markets often sell unwaxed options, and organic produce uses non-synthetic waxes.
Safety and Types of Fruit Wax
The waxes used on commercial produce are considered safe for consumption. These edible coatings are not absorbed by the human body and are passed through the system. The waxes come from natural and petroleum sources.
Comparison: Waxed vs. Unwaxed Citrus
| Feature | Waxed Citrus | Unwaxed Citrus |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Shiny, glossy finish | Dull, matte skin |
| Shelf Life | Extended, lasts longer | Shorter, dries out faster |
| Best For | Juicing, long-term storage | Zesting, immediate use, flavor purity |
| Wax Source | Natural or synthetic | Natural wax from growing on tree |
How to Remove Fruit Wax
To remove the wax coating, especially when using the zest, several methods are effective:
- Warm Water Wash: Rinse the citrus in a colander with hot water. Use a vegetable brush to gently scrub the surface and remove the wax.
- Baking Soda Soak: Soak the fruit in warm water with baking soda for 5 to 10 minutes. Use a brush to scrub the fruit before rinsing.
- Vinegar Wash: Mix water with white vinegar and lemon juice in a spray bottle. Spray the fruit, let it sit, then rinse and dry.
Conclusion
Waxing citrus fruits is a standard commercial practice for both oranges and lemons. This process involves applying a food-grade coating after the fruit's natural wax has been removed. The main goal is to extend shelf life and improve appearance. These waxes are considered safe to consume. Consumers can easily remove the coating at home using warm water and a brush, especially if they plan to use the peel or zest.
The Center for Food Safety provides information on food-grade waxes and their regulations.
Are oranges waxed like lemons? Yes.
Commercial oranges are waxed like lemons. This is a standard practice to protect the fruit after washing, extending its freshness and improving its visual appeal.
Is the wax on oranges and lemons safe to eat?
Yes, the food-grade waxes are considered safe for consumption by food safety authorities like the FDA. The waxes are indigestible and pass through the body without being absorbed.
What is fruit wax made of?
Fruit wax can be made from natural ingredients like carnauba wax, beeswax, and shellac, as well as synthetic petroleum-based waxes like paraffin. Organic produce uses non-synthetic, natural waxes.
How can I tell if an orange is waxed?
Waxed oranges have a shiny or glossy finish and may feel slick. Unwaxed oranges have a duller appearance.
Is organic citrus waxed?
Organic citrus is often waxed, but with non-synthetic waxes approved for organic produce, such as carnauba wax or beeswax. This serves the same purpose as for conventional produce.
Does removing the wax from an orange affect its flavor?
Removing the wax doesn't affect the fruit's flesh flavor, but it can improve the taste of the zest or peel. The peel contains the concentrated flavor, and removing the wax ensures a clean taste.
What are some health concerns related to fruit wax?
Concerns exist regarding additives used in some waxes, but the levels are low and regulated by agencies. The edible nature of the wax means there is little risk, but washing is recommended to remove residues.
