What Exactly Are Hardy Kiwis?
Hardy kiwis ($Actinidia arguta$) are a species of kiwi native to East Asia, known for their cold-hardiness and grape-sized fruits. Unlike the fuzzy kiwi ($Actinidia deliciosa$) found in most supermarkets, hardy kiwis have a smooth, fuzz-free skin that is completely edible and does not need to be peeled. This makes them a convenient, pop-in-your-mouth snack, often referred to as kiwiberries, arctic kiwis, or cocktail kiwis.
These fruit-producing vines are vigorous climbers, growing well on trellises, fences, or pergolas and thriving in cooler climates (USDA zones 3-8) where fuzzy kiwis cannot survive. The fruit itself is typically green, though some cultivars may have red or purple blushes, and ripens in late summer or early autumn.
The Verdict: Eating Hardy Kiwis, Skin and All
The short answer is a resounding yes, you can eat hardy kiwi. The defining feature is their smooth, hairless skin which eliminates the need for peeling. This is a major advantage over the common fuzzy kiwi, which is typically peeled due to its coarse, hairy exterior. The edible skin also adds extra nutritional value, including more fiber and antioxidants. You can simply wash the fruit and eat it whole, just like a grape.
Preparing Hardy Kiwis
Preparation is straightforward due to the edible skin. Here are a few ways to enjoy them:
- Fresh Snacking: The most common method. Just wash the kiwiberries and pop them directly into your mouth.
- Sliced for Salads: Cut them in half or into thin slices to add a sweet-tart flavor and juicy texture to fruit salads or green salads.
- Smoothies: Throw the whole, washed fruits into a blender for a nutritional boost.
- Salsa: Create a sweet and spicy salsa by dicing them with tomatoes, cilantro, and lime juice.
- Preserves: If you have an abundance, they can be made into jams, preserved fruits, or wine.
Hardy Kiwi vs. Fuzzy Kiwi: A Comparison
| Feature | Hardy Kiwi (Kiwiberry) | Fuzzy Kiwi (Common Kiwi) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin | Smooth, thin, and entirely edible. | Fuzzy, coarse, and typically peeled. |
| Size | Small, grape-sized fruit. | Larger, about the size of a chicken egg. |
| Taste | Sweeter and more aromatic, with hints of tropical fruits. | More tart and tangy. |
| Growing Climate | Very cold-hardy, suitable for USDA zones 3-8. | Requires a warmer climate (USDA zones 7-9). |
| Vigor | Very vigorous climber, requires pruning. | Vigorous climber, requires more intensive care. |
Health Benefits of Kiwiberries
Beyond their delicious taste and convenience, hardy kiwis offer significant nutritional benefits. Eating the skin-on fruit maximizes these benefits, as the skin contains a higher concentration of fiber and antioxidants compared to the flesh alone.
- Rich in Vitamin C: A 100g serving of hardy kiwi can supply a large portion of your daily recommended intake of Vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant that supports the immune system.
- Supports Digestive Health: Kiwiberries are a great source of both soluble and insoluble fiber, which aids digestion and promotes regular bowel movements.
- Heart-Healthy: They are rich in potassium, which helps regulate blood pressure, and their antioxidant content can contribute to overall cardiovascular health.
- Packed with Antioxidants: The fruit, and especially the skin, contains antioxidants like lutein and polyphenols that combat oxidative stress and support eye and overall cellular health.
Important Considerations and Who Should Be Cautious
While safe for most people, some individuals should be aware of potential issues when consuming hardy kiwis.
- Kiwi Allergy: Like common kiwifruit, hardy kiwis can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Symptoms may include oral itching or tingling. If you know you are allergic to kiwi, avoid hardy kiwis as well.
- Oxalate Sensitivity: The skin of kiwifruit is high in oxalates, which can increase the risk of kidney stones in susceptible individuals. If you have a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones, it's best to consume the fruit in moderation or stick to eating just the flesh.
- Digestive Sensitivity: The enzyme actinidin, present in kiwis, can cause mild gastrointestinal upset for some people when consumed in large quantities. Those with sensitive stomachs should introduce kiwiberries slowly into their diet.
How to Tell If Hardy Kiwis Are Ripe
Hardy kiwis do not ripen all at once, so it is best to test them periodically as the season progresses. The fruit is ready for harvest when the seeds inside have turned black, even if the fruit still feels hard.
To check for ripeness:
- Squeeze Test: Gently squeeze the fruit. A perfectly ripe hardy kiwi will be slightly soft and give a little when pressed, similar to a ripe peach. Avoid very soft or bruised fruit, which is overripe.
- Sniff Test: A ripe fruit will have a sweet, fragrant aroma. If there is little or no smell, it's likely underripe.
- Visual Check: Some varieties will get a red blush on the skin when ripe on the vine, especially if exposed to sun.
If you harvest the fruit while it is still firm, you can ripen it indoors by storing it in the refrigerator for several weeks or by placing it in a paper bag with other ripe fruit to speed up the process.
Conclusion: A Delightful Addition to Your Diet
Hardy kiwis are a delicious and nutritious fruit that offers a unique, convenient, and flavorful alternative to the common fuzzy kiwi. With their smooth, edible skin and sweet taste, they are perfect for fresh snacking, adding to salads, or blending into smoothies. While most people can enjoy them without issue, it's important to be mindful of potential allergies or sensitivities. For those seeking a low-maintenance, cold-hardy, and healthy fruit, growing hardy kiwi in your garden or enjoying them from local farms is an excellent choice. For more information on kiwifruit, including cultivation, see resources like the Wisconsin Horticulture extension.
