M&M's and Red 40: A Detailed Ingredient Breakdown
Many consumers are interested in the presence of artificial food dyes like Red 40 in popular candies. While ingredient lists can vary, U.S. M&M's contain Red 40 and Red 40 Lake as part of their coloring. This section discusses the dyes used, the history of red M&M's, and global regulatory differences.
The Specific Dyes Found in U.S. M&M's
U.S. M&M's use various FD&C colorings, including Red 40 and Red 40 Lake, Yellow 5 and Yellow 5 Lake, Yellow 6 and Yellow 6 Lake, Blue 1 and Blue 1 Lake, and Blue 2 and Blue 2 Lake. These synthetic dyes are FDA-approved. 'Lake' versions are insoluble and used for coatings.
The Red M&M's Scare and Reintroduction
Red M&M's were removed from the U.S. market in 1976 due to concerns over Red Dye #2, which M&M's did not use. After Red #2 was banned, Mars removed red M&M's to prevent confusion, despite using approved Red 40. Red M&M's returned in 1987.
The Global Contrast: U.S. vs. European Formulas
Ingredient lists for M&M's differ globally due to varying regulations. European M&M's often use alternative colorings.
Comparison Table: M&M's U.S. vs. European Ingredients
| Feature | U.S. M&M's | European M&M's |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Red Dye | Red 40 (FD&C Red 40) and Red 40 Lake | Carmine (E120), Beetroot Red (E162) |
| Other Artificial Dyes | Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1, Blue 2 | E133 (Brilliant Blue), E160a (Beta-Carotene) |
| Dye Origin | Synthetic, petroleum-based | Mix of natural and artificial dyes |
| Regulatory Approach | FDA-approved, no warning labels required | Stricter EU regulations; some dyes require hyperactivity warnings |
Mars' Shifting Stance on Artificial Dyes
Mars previously aimed to remove artificial colors but later adjusted this. They confirmed the continued use of synthetic dyes in U.S. candies, including M&M's, citing consumer preferences. However, Mars has committed to offering product options without FD&C colors starting in 2026, while standard versions with dyes will remain available.
Concerns and Regulation of Red 40
Red 40 is FDA-approved but has raised concerns, particularly regarding potential links to hyperactivity in children. Some states and groups advocate for changes. The FDA considers approved amounts safe, but public debate continues, increasing demand for natural alternatives. Mars' plan for dye-free options reflects consumer pressure.
Conclusion
U.S. M&M's contain Red 40 and other artificial food dyes, as confirmed by Mars. This differs from European versions due to regulations. The red M&M's removal in the 1970s was due to fear over Red Dye #2, not Red 40. While dye-free options will be introduced, standard products will still contain dyes. Consumers should check labels.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Do all M&M's products contain Red 40? A: Not all M&M's products contain Red 40. Inclusion depends on the specific product and country. European versions use different colorings, while U.S. standard M&M's contain it.
Q: Why was the red M&M removed in the 1970s if it didn't contain Red Dye #2? A: Red M&M's were removed in 1976 due to public concern over Red Dye #2, though they used Red 40. Mars acted to avoid confusion.
Q: Are Red 40 and Red 40 Lake the same thing? A: Red 40 is a water-soluble dye; Red 40 Lake is an insoluble form. Lakes are used in coatings where water-soluble dyes would bleed.
Q: Does Mars, Incorporated plan to remove Red 40 from M&M's? A: Mars announced in 2025 plans to offer products, including M&M's, free of synthetic FD&C dyes starting in 2026. However, conventional products with dyes will still be available.
Q: Are there any M&M's that don't have artificial dyes? A: Yes, Mars confirmed it will offer product options, including M&M's, without synthetic FD&C dyes in the future, responding to demand for natural ingredients.
Q: Is Red 40 considered safe to consume by regulatory bodies? A: The FDA considers Red 40 safe in approved amounts. Concerns about potential health effects, particularly on children, continue to be debated.
Q: Why do M&M's have different ingredients in different countries? A: M&M's have different ingredients globally to meet local regulations. The EU has different rules for synthetic food dyes than the U.S..
