Understanding MSG in Gravy
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive celebrated for its ability to enhance savory, or umami, flavors. Its presence in gravy, however, is not a simple yes or no answer. The amount and source of glutamate depend entirely on how the gravy is prepared and the ingredients used. Gravy, whether from a packet, a can, or made from scratch, gets its rich flavor from various glutamate sources, both natural and added.
The MSG in Processed and Instant Gravies
Many commercial, convenience-based gravies, including instant granules, powders, and canned varieties, contain added MSG to boost flavor. Manufacturers use MSG to create a deep, meaty profile that might otherwise be lacking in products not made with long-simmered stocks or meat drippings. For example, Bisto Traditional Gravy Granules explicitly lists "Monosodium Glutamate" and "Disodium 5′-Ribonucleotides" as flavor enhancers in its ingredients list. This added MSG is distinct from naturally occurring glutamate found in food proteins and is a direct additive.
When a packaged food contains added MSG, the law requires it to be listed on the ingredient panel. However, some ingredients contain naturally high levels of glutamate and are not required to be labeled as MSG. These include:
- Yeast extract: A common flavor base for many sauces and broths.
- Hydrolyzed protein: Vegetable or soy proteins broken down to release their constituent amino acids, including glutamate.
- Autolyzed yeast: A yeast product where enzymes have broken down the yeast cells.
- Soy extracts: Derivatives of soybeans that are rich in glutamate.
Instant Gravy vs. Homemade: A Comparative Table
| Feature | Instant Gravy Granules | Homemade Gravy from Drippings |
|---|---|---|
| Source of Umami | Primarily from added MSG and flavor enhancers. | Primarily from naturally occurring glutamates in meat, bones, and vegetables. |
| Control over MSG | Very little control; MSG content is fixed by the manufacturer. | Complete control; contains no added MSG unless you choose to add it yourself. |
| Flavor Profile | Often consistent and uniform, designed for broad appeal. | Rich, nuanced, and varies based on the type of meat and ingredients used. |
| Ingredient List | Contains a list of processed ingredients, including MSG, hydrolyzed proteins, and colorings. | Features whole, recognizable ingredients like flour, butter, broth, and meat drippings. |
| Sodium Content | Often high, though MSG has less sodium than table salt. | Variable, depending on how much salt is used in preparation. |
Naturally Occurring Glutamate in Homemade Gravy
Homemade gravy, especially one made from pan drippings, is rich in umami flavor that comes from naturally occurring glutamate. As meat cooks, the proteins break down and release glutamic acid. The same process happens with other natural gravy components, such as mushrooms and tomatoes, and is what gives the gravy its savory depth. The glutamate in these natural sources is chemically identical to the glutamate in added MSG, and the body metabolizes them in the same way. However, without any added powders or cubes, a completely homemade gravy contains no added MSG.
Reading the Label: How to Spot Added MSG
To determine if a packaged gravy contains MSG, always check the ingredient list on the label.
- Look for the explicit term: The easiest way to spot it is to look for “monosodium glutamate”.
- Check for flavor enhancer codes: The additive number for MSG is 621. Other related glutamate numbers include 620-625.
- Be aware of hidden sources: Scan the list for ingredients naturally high in glutamates, such as yeast extract, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, and autolyzed yeast. While not technically “added MSG,” these contribute to the overall glutamate content.
The Function of MSG in Gravy
MSG doesn't impart a distinct flavor of its own; instead, its primary function is to enhance and round out the flavors already present in a dish. In gravy, this means it intensifies the savory notes from meat, broth, and vegetables, resulting in a more robust and satisfying taste. Its effectiveness is so potent that only small amounts are needed. For home cooks, this can be an advantage, as using MSG can reduce the overall sodium content while maintaining a strong flavor profile. A typical serving of food with added MSG contains less than 0.5 grams, an amount most individuals can tolerate without any issues.
Conclusion: Navigating MSG in Your Gravy
Ultimately, the question of "how much MSG is in gravy?" depends on the source. Instant and processed gravies often contain added MSG and other flavor enhancers, while homemade versions rely on naturally occurring glutamates from ingredients like meat and vegetables. For those wishing to minimize or avoid MSG, reading food labels carefully and choosing homemade options is the most effective approach. For others, MSG is a safe and effective tool to enhance the savory flavor of their meal. By understanding the ingredients, you can make an informed choice about the gravy you serve. For more detailed information on MSG safety and labeling, the FDA's official Q&A is an excellent resource.
