Is it okay if almonds are not organic? A balanced look at conventional vs. organic options

October 5, 2025 •

4 min read

Following two salmonella outbreaks in the early 2000s, U.S. regulations now require that nearly all almonds sold in the country, both organic and conventional, be pasteurized for safety. But what does this mean for consumers asking, 'Is it okay if almonds are not organic?'

Quick Summary

A comparison of conventional versus organic almonds, examining farming practices, safety measures like pasteurization, potential pesticide exposure, and differences in environmental impact and nutritional content to help inform dietary choices.

Key Points

Conventional Almonds Use Chemicals: Conventional almonds are grown with synthetic pesticides and herbicides and often sterilized with propylene oxide (PPO), a fumigant banned in some countries.
Organic Almonds Use Natural Methods: Organic almonds are cultivated without synthetic chemicals and typically undergo steam pasteurization for safety.
Both Types are Safe: Due to a U.S. mandate, both organic and conventional almonds must be pasteurized to kill bacteria like Salmonella, making them safe to eat.
Nutritional Differences are Minimal: While some studies suggest slight differences in antioxidant levels, the core nutritional profile of healthy fats, protein, and fiber is very similar between organic and conventional almonds.
Consider Environmental Impact: Choosing organic almonds supports healthier soil, reduced chemical runoff, and better conditions for pollinators compared to conventional farming.
Price Reflects Production: The higher cost of organic almonds is primarily due to lower yields and the more intensive labor required for chemical-free farming methods.

Conventional Almonds: Understanding the Process

When you buy almonds that are not labeled as organic, they are considered 'conventional' and are grown using standard agricultural practices. This typically involves using a variety of synthetic chemicals, including pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, to protect crops from pests and diseases and maximize yield. While the use of these substances is regulated, some consumers are concerned about potential chemical residues on the final product.

The Pasteurization Mandate

As a result of past food safety issues, a federal mandate requires all almonds grown in California—which accounts for nearly 100% of the U.S. supply—to be pasteurized. This sterilization process is designed to eliminate harmful bacteria like Salmonella. For conventional almonds, this is often achieved through fumigation with propylene oxide (PPO). The use of PPO is a major point of contention for some, as it is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and is banned as a food additive in many countries. Though PPO-treated nuts must be aerated to reduce residue, the chemical nature of the process concerns many health-conscious consumers.

Organic Almonds: The Chemical-Free Alternative

Certified organic almonds are grown without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. This relies on natural pest control methods and fertilizers, which is beneficial for soil health and biodiversity. Instead of chemical fumigation, organic almonds undergo pasteurization using natural methods to meet safety regulations. The most common of these is steam pasteurization. This process uses moist heat to kill bacteria without introducing chemicals like PPO, addressing one of the primary concerns associated with conventional almonds.

Potential Nutritional Differences

While the core nutritional profile of conventional and organic almonds—including healthy fats, protein, fiber, and most vitamins—remains largely similar, some research suggests subtle differences. Some studies indicate that organically grown foods may have higher levels of antioxidants. This is thought to be a result of the plant's natural defense mechanisms in the absence of synthetic chemicals. Other studies have found higher levels of certain minerals in conventional almonds, potentially due to fertilization practices, though the impact of this on overall health is still debated.

A Nutritional Comparison: Conventional vs. Organic


Feature	Conventional Almonds	Organic Almonds
Farming Method	Uses synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers.	Uses natural methods like composting and crop rotation; no synthetic chemicals.
Pasteurization	Often treated with Propylene Oxide (PPO), a synthetic chemical.	Typically uses steam pasteurization, a natural heat process.
Pesticide Residue	Can have trace amounts of synthetic chemical residues.	Free from synthetic pesticide residues.
Antioxidant Levels	Standard levels of antioxidants.	Some studies suggest potentially higher levels of antioxidants.
Mineral Content	May contain higher levels of some minerals like phosphorus and potassium.	May contain higher levels of minerals like magnesium and iron.
Environmental Impact	Potential for chemical runoff and harm to pollinators and soil health.	Supports healthier soil, biodiversity, and reduces chemical runoff.
Typical Cost	Generally more affordable due to higher yields and lower production costs.	Often more expensive due to higher labor costs and lower yields.

The Environmental and Ethical Considerations

The choice between conventional and organic almonds extends beyond personal nutrition. Organic farming methods generally promote better environmental stewardship. These practices help improve soil health, conserve water, and protect local ecosystems and pollinator populations by avoiding the use of harmful chemical pesticides. In contrast, conventional farming's reliance on chemical inputs can lead to soil degradation and water contamination.

Choosing organic also often supports farming practices with better labor conditions. Many organic farms adhere to fair trade standards, ensuring fair wages and safe working conditions for farmworkers, who are not exposed to the same levels of toxic chemicals as those on conventional farms.

Making Your Decision

So, is it okay if almonds are not organic? The short answer is yes, conventional almonds are considered safe for consumption due to mandatory pasteurization. The decision ultimately depends on your priorities. If minimizing exposure to chemical residues and supporting sustainable farming practices are your main concerns, organic is the clear choice. However, if cost is a significant factor, conventional almonds remain a nutrient-dense and safe option for your diet.

Final Points to Consider

Read Labels: Not all conventional almonds are treated with PPO. Some companies voluntarily use steam pasteurization. Look for this information on the packaging or company website if chemical exposure is a primary concern.
Prioritize a Nutrient-Dense Diet: The most important takeaway is that almonds, whether organic or conventional, are a healthy and beneficial addition to your diet due to their high fiber, protein, and healthy fat content.
Price vs. Values: Weigh the higher cost of organic almonds against your personal health priorities and commitment to environmental sustainability.

By understanding the differences in how these nuts are grown and processed, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your nutritional goals, budget, and ethical values.

Learn more about sustainable food systems from the Union of Concerned Scientists.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the question of whether it is okay if almonds are not organic is a matter of weighing different factors, including personal health, environmental impact, and budget. While conventional almonds are rendered safe from pathogens through regulation-mandated pasteurization, they are typically produced with synthetic chemicals, which some consumers prefer to avoid. Organic almonds provide a chemical-free alternative, relying on natural and environmentally friendly farming practices. While the core nutritional benefits are similar, the choice for organic can offer peace of mind regarding chemical exposure and support for more sustainable and ethical agricultural methods.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, non-organic (conventional) almonds are safe to eat. In the U.S., they are legally required to be pasteurized to eliminate pathogens like Salmonella, ensuring their safety for consumption.

Propylene oxide (PPO) is a synthetic fumigant often used to pasteurize conventional almonds. While not all conventional almonds are treated with PPO—some companies use steam—it is a permitted method. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the EPA, leading to some consumer concern.

While the overall nutritional content of organic and conventional almonds is very similar, some studies have noted slightly higher levels of antioxidants in organically grown nuts. The core macronutrient profile, however, is not significantly different.

Organic almonds are typically pasteurized using natural, heat-based methods, most commonly steam pasteurization. This process uses high-temperature, moist heat to kill bacteria without introducing synthetic chemicals.

Washing can remove some surface residues, but it is not a complete solution. Pesticides can be absorbed by the nut, and the pasteurization process for conventional almonds often uses a chemical fumigant that washing won't address.

Organic almonds are generally more expensive due to higher production costs. Organic farming methods often result in lower crop yields and require more labor, which is reflected in the price.

Conventional almond farming relies on synthetic chemicals that can contaminate soil and water, harm pollinators like bees, and negatively impact local ecosystems. Organic farming avoids these chemicals and uses sustainable practices.