Understanding Shellac on Apples: The Basics
When you see a gleaming apple in the grocery store, it's often a result of a food-grade wax coating, which may include shellac. Apples naturally produce their own wax, but this is washed off during the cleaning and packing process. Manufacturers then apply a new layer of edible wax, like shellac, to protect the fruit and replace its natural barrier. Shellac is a natural resin secreted by the female lac bug, and it is processed into a food-safe glaze known as 'confectioner's glaze' when used in the food industry.
Why are apples coated with shellac?
The practice of waxing fruit dates back to 1924, when researchers first discovered it was excellent for preventing moisture loss. The edible coating is reapplied for several key reasons:
- Preservation: The coating acts as a barrier, sealing in moisture to prevent dehydration and shriveling. This significantly extends the apple's shelf life.
- Protection: It helps protect the fruit from microbial spoilage and prevents bruising during transport and handling.
- Appearance: The glaze provides the shiny, appealing look that consumers have come to expect from fresh produce.
Is food-grade shellac safe to eat?
The short answer is yes, food-grade shellac is safe to eat. It has been approved by major food safety authorities, including the FDA in the United States, as 'Generally Recognized as Safe' (GRAS). It is not absorbed by the body and passes through the digestive system harmlessly. It is critical to distinguish this edible form from the toxic, industrial shellac used for finishing wood, which contains poisonous methanol.
Potential health considerations
While generally safe, a small number of people may have an allergic reaction to shellac. For most, there are no known negative health effects from consuming the small amount of shellac found on fruits. Those with specific dietary restrictions, such as vegans, will also need to consider that shellac is an animal-derived product.
Other types of food grade waxes
Shellac is not the only type of edible wax used on produce. Manufacturers may use other coatings depending on cost, availability, and specific market demands. Here is a comparison of common food grade waxes:
| Feature | Shellac | Carnauba Wax | Beeswax |
|---|---|---|---|
| Origin | Secretion of the female lac bug | Leaves of the Brazilian palm tree | Secretion of bees |
| Vegan | No (animal-derived) | Yes (plant-derived) | No (animal-derived) |
| Source | Insect secretion (resin) | Plant leaves | Insect secretion (wax) |
| Appearance | Produces a very shiny, high-gloss finish | Slightly less shiny, but very stable | Provides a mild, natural sheen |
| Regulation | FDA-approved GRAS status | FDA-approved food additive | FDA-approved food additive |
Removing shellac from apples
If you prefer to remove the wax coating for any reason, it is a simple process. The wax is insoluble in cold water, which is why a simple rinse won't remove it. You can follow these steps to effectively remove the coating:
- Warm Water Wash: Place the apples in a bowl of hot, but not boiling, water for a few seconds. This will soften the wax.
- Scrubbing Solution: Add a couple of tablespoons of baking soda and a squeeze of lemon juice or vinegar to the warm water.
- Wipe Clean: Use a clean dish towel or a vegetable brush to scrub the apple's surface thoroughly. The warm water and scrubbing agent will lift the wax.
- Rinse and Dry: Rinse the apple thoroughly under running tap water to remove any residue and pat it dry.
What about nutrients in the skin?
Many of an apple's valuable nutrients and dietary fiber are found in its skin. For this reason, peeling the apple is not recommended if you are trying to maximize its nutritional benefits. Since the edible shellac is safe for consumption and washing can effectively remove it, enjoying your apple with the skin on is the best option for health-conscious eaters.
Conclusion: Making an informed choice
Ultimately, the decision to eat or remove the shellac coating is a personal one. Food-grade shellac is a safe, FDA-approved additive used to preserve and protect fruits like apples, ensuring they arrive on store shelves fresh and appealing. While harmless to most people, those with specific allergies or ethical concerns, such as vegans, may wish to remove the coating. The good news is that both eating the shellac and removing it are safe options, leaving the choice entirely up to the consumer. For those who choose removal, a simple scrub with baking soda and warm water is an effective method. For more information, the official Apple and Pear Australia Limited (APAL) website offers further details about fruit coatings and safety standards, providing consumers with comprehensive resources to make educated decisions about their food purchases.
