The Link Between Infliximab and Food Safety
Infliximab is a biologic medication that works by blocking tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a protein that causes inflammation in the body. This makes it effective for treating autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, by reducing the body's inflammatory response, infliximab also compromises the overall function of the immune system.
This compromised state leaves patients significantly more vulnerable to infections, including those that can be transmitted through food. Foodborne bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella can pose a much more serious threat to individuals on infliximab than to those with a healthy immune system. Therefore, adopting heightened food safety practices and avoiding certain high-risk foods is a critical component of treatment.
High-Risk Foods to Strictly Avoid
To protect yourself from foodborne illness, the following high-risk foods and categories should be strictly avoided or consumed only when prepared properly:
- Undercooked Meat, Poultry, and Seafood: Raw or undercooked animal proteins are primary carriers of harmful bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter. This includes rare or medium-rare steaks, undercooked chicken or turkey, and raw sushi. A meat thermometer should be used to ensure all animal products are cooked to a safe internal temperature.
- Raw or Under-cooked Eggs: Raw eggs can be a source of Salmonella. Avoid dishes containing raw eggs, such as homemade mayonnaise, Caesar salad dressing, raw cookie dough, and cake batter. For cooked eggs, ensure the yolk is firm and not runny, which means no soft-boiled or over-easy eggs.
- Unpasteurized Dairy Products: Raw milk and products made from it, including certain soft cheeses, can harbor dangerous bacteria like Listeria. Always check labels to ensure dairy products are pasteurized. Soft cheeses to be cautious of include Brie, Camembert, feta, blue cheese, and goat cheese, unless the label confirms they are made from pasteurized milk. Cottage cheese and cream cheese are typically safe as they are processed with pasteurized milk.
- Raw Sprouts: Alfalfa, clover, radish, and bean sprouts thrive in warm, humid conditions that also promote the growth of bacteria. They are notoriously difficult to clean thoroughly. To be safe, eat sprouts only if they have been thoroughly cooked.
- Pâté and Meat Spreads: These refrigerated meat products can carry Listeria, especially if they are not heat-treated. It is best to avoid them entirely while on infliximab.
Other Food Safety Considerations
Beyond avoiding specific high-risk foods, other food safety measures are crucial:
- Handle Leftovers Properly: Leftovers can become a breeding ground for bacteria if not stored and reheated correctly. Refrigerate leftovers promptly and reheat them to an internal temperature of 165°F (73.9°C).
- Ensure Clean Water: For most areas with treated tap water, this is not an issue. However, if traveling to regions with uncertain water quality, stick to bottled water to avoid contamination.
- Wash Fresh Produce: Always wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly, even if you plan to peel them. Cooking vegetables can further reduce risk. For greens, consider pre-packaged washed varieties or cook leafy greens well.
- General Hygiene: Practice meticulous hygiene by washing your hands and sanitizing all food preparation surfaces, cutting boards, and utensils after handling raw meat or other high-risk foods.
Comparison Table: Safe vs. Risky Food Choices
| Food Category | Risky Option (Avoid) | Safe Option (Cooked/Pasteurized) |
|---|---|---|
| Meat/Poultry | Rare steak, undercooked chicken, deli meats | Well-done steak, fully cooked chicken and turkey, cooked sausages |
| Seafood | Raw sushi, ceviche, raw oysters | Cooked fish, cooked shellfish (shrimp, scallops) |
| Eggs | Runny yolk eggs (over-easy), homemade mayonnaise, raw cookie dough | Hard-boiled eggs, well-done scrambled eggs, thoroughly baked goods |
| Dairy | Unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses (brie, blue, feta) | Pasteurized milk, hard cheeses (cheddar, parmesan), pasteurized cream cheese |
| Produce | Raw sprouts (alfalfa, bean) | Cooked sprouts, thoroughly washed fruits and vegetables |
Infliximab and Alcohol
While no known interactions exist between infliximab and alcohol, heavy alcohol consumption can cause liver damage. Because infliximab can also have liver-related side effects, your doctor may advise you to limit or avoid alcohol to reduce the risk of liver problems. It is always best to discuss your alcohol consumption with your healthcare provider.
Conclusion: Prioritizing Food Safety for Peace of Mind
For individuals on infliximab, food safety is not just a recommendation—it's a critical part of managing your health. By carefully avoiding undercooked meats, raw eggs, unpasteurized dairy, and other potential sources of contamination, you can significantly reduce your risk of serious infections. A balanced and well-cooked diet, combined with vigilant food hygiene, will support your overall well-being. Always consult with your doctor or a registered dietitian for personalized dietary advice tailored to your specific condition while taking infliximab. For more detailed information on specific diets for inflammatory bowel diseases, consider reviewing resources from organizations like the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation.
Important Resources
For additional dietary guidance, you can refer to resources from reputable health organizations. The Crohn's & Colitis Foundation offers information on special diets for IBD.
