Before considering licorice extract as part of your nutrition diet, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional. Information provided here is for general knowledge and should not be considered medical advice.
The Active Compound: Understanding Glycyrrhizin
Licorice extract, derived from the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant, contains glycyrrhizin, a compound significantly sweeter than sugar. Glycyrrhizin is responsible for both the potential benefits and adverse effects of licorice. Consumption of glycyrrhizin can lead to pseudoaldosteronism by inhibiting an enzyme that regulates cortisol. This interference causes cortisol to mimic aldosterone, leading to imbalances in electrolytes and fluid.
Significant Health Risks of Standard Licorice
The mineralocorticoid effects of glycyrrhizin result in sodium and water retention and potassium excretion. This can cause serious health problems:
- Hypertension: Increased fluid and sodium retention can elevate blood pressure.
- Hypokalemia: Potassium loss can cause muscle weakness, lethargy, and paralysis. It is particularly risky for those taking diuretics.
- Cardiac Issues: Low potassium and high blood pressure strain the heart, increasing the risk of arrhythmias, heart failure, and in severe instances, cardiac arrest.
The Safer Alternative: Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is a form of licorice extract with most of the glycyrrhizin removed, leaving other plant compounds.
- Digestive Benefits Without the Risk: DGL is used to support digestive health, helping with ulcers, gastritis, and heartburn. It works by increasing the production of protective mucin in the stomach and intestinal lining.
- Reduced Side Effects: Since glycyrrhizin is largely absent, DGL is less likely to cause high blood pressure or hypokalemia, though medical advice is still recommended, especially for long-term use.
Comparison Table: Standard Licorice vs. DGL
| Feature | Standard Licorice Extract | Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) |
|---|---|---|
| Glycyrrhizin Content | Present in varying, often high, concentrations | Removed to below detectable levels |
| Primary Use | Historically used for various ailments; now common in candies, teas, and some supplements | Targeted for digestive issues like ulcers, gastritis, and heartburn |
| Risk Profile | High risk with excessive or prolonged use, especially regarding hypertension and hypokalemia | Considerably lower risk profile; generally regarded as safe for short-term use |
| Key Side Effects | High blood pressure, low potassium, fluid retention, heart issues | Rare side effects; generally well-tolerated, though interactions possible |
Navigating the World of Licorice Products
Many licorice-flavored products, particularly candies, do not contain real licorice extract but instead use anise oil for flavoring, which is generally safe and lacks glycyrrhizin. Red licorice also typically doesn't contain true licorice root. For products containing real licorice, glycyrrhizin content varies based on factors like plant species, origin, and processing. Since glycyrrhizin levels are often not listed on labels, determining intake is difficult. It is important to read labels carefully.
Important Contraindications and Drug Interactions
Certain health conditions and medications require caution or avoidance of licorice extract due to potential adverse effects. More information on contraindications and drug interactions is available on the {Link: MSD Manuals https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/dietary-supplements/licorice}.
Conclusion
Determining is licorice extract safe depends on the specific type and amount consumed. Standard licorice extract with glycyrrhizin poses significant health risks with excessive or long-term use, especially for vulnerable individuals. DGL, with glycyrrhizin removed, is a safer alternative, primarily used for digestive issues. Consumers should carefully check labels for glycyrrhizin content, particularly in supplements where it may not be clearly indicated. Consulting a healthcare professional before using any licorice product is highly recommended, especially for those with existing health conditions or taking medications. For more information on herbal supplement safety, consult reliable sources like the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.
Frequently Asked Questions About Licorice Extract Safety
Is it okay to eat licorice candy?
It depends on the candy. Many candies, especially in the US, are flavored with anise oil, which is a safe flavoring. However, candies containing real black licorice extract can be unsafe if consumed excessively, as they contain glycyrrhizin. Always check the ingredients list.
What is the difference between licorice extract and DGL?
Licorice extract contains the compound glycyrrhizin, which can cause significant health problems, including high blood pressure and low potassium. DGL, or deglycyrrhizinated licorice, is an extract with the glycyrrhizin removed, making it a safer option for digestive support.
Can licorice extract cause muscle weakness?
Yes, excessive consumption of glycyrrhizin can lead to low potassium levels, potentially causing muscle weakness.
Is licorice extract safe for people with high blood pressure?
No, it is not recommended due to the risk of increased blood pressure. More information is available on the {Link: MSD Manuals https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/dietary-supplements/licorice}.
What are the main contraindications for using licorice extract?
Contraindications include pregnancy, breastfeeding, heart conditions, high blood pressure, low potassium, or kidney disease. See the {Link: MSD Manuals https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/dietary-supplements/licorice} for more details.
How do I know if a supplement has glycyrrhizin or is DGL?
Supplements are typically labeled as 'Licorice Root Extract' or 'DGL'. Opting for DGL products helps avoid glycyrrhizin risks. More information is available on the {Link: MSD Manuals https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/dietary-supplements/licorice}.
What are the digestive benefits of DGL?
DGL supports digestive health by promoting mucin production to protect the stomach lining and is used for ulcers, gastritis, and heartburn. More information is available on the {Link: MSD Manuals https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/dietary-supplements/licorice}.
