Why Traditional Fish and Chips are Not Vegan
For many, the idea of 'fish' as a separate food group from 'meat' is a common misconception, but a core tenet of a vegan diet is the exclusion of all animal products. Since fish are animals, they are not consumed by vegans for several reasons, including ethical, environmental, and health concerns. Vegan philosophy extends beyond just land animals to all sentient beings, and scientific evidence indicates fish have the capacity to feel pain. Beyond the fish itself, there are often other hidden animal ingredients in traditional fish and chips. Many fish and chip shops, especially in the UK, traditionally fry their chips in beef dripping (tallow). This practice renders the entire meal non-vegan, even if the fish were replaced with a vegan alternative. Therefore, a truly vegan version requires attention to both the 'fish' and the preparation of the chips.
The Wonderful World of Vegan 'Fish' Alternatives
Fortunately for those craving a plant-based version of this classic, a host of creative and delicious alternatives are available that can perfectly mimic the flaky texture and briny flavour of fish. By combining a key plant-based ingredient with some clever seasoning, a nostalgic meal is just a recipe away.
Banana Blossom
Banana blossom, the large, tear-shaped flower from a banana tree, has quickly become a favourite fish substitute for its naturally flaky, layered texture. When marinated and battered, it perfectly mimics the look and feel of a white fish fillet. The key is to use canned banana blossoms, as they are prepped and ready to use, unlike their fresh counterparts which are more difficult to prepare. The mild, neutral flavour absorbs marinades exceptionally well, making it easy to infuse with a 'fishy' taste.
Tofu (Tofish)
Extra-firm tofu is a high-protein, versatile ingredient for creating vegan fish. To achieve a convincing flaky texture, a freezing and thawing process is often used to create a more porous structure. The tofu is then pressed to remove excess water, allowing it to better absorb a flavourful marinade. A key addition for that authentic seafood taste is a strip of nori seaweed, which can be wrapped around the tofu fillet before battering and frying.
Jackfruit
For a softer, flakier texture, young green jackfruit packed in brine or water is an excellent choice. The fruit is first simmered in a flavorful broth, then frozen and thawed to create the desired texture. Once pressed to remove excess moisture, the jackfruit can be battered and fried for a delicious and crunchy finish. Make sure to use unripe, brined jackfruit, not the sweeter variety packed in syrup.
Hearts of Palm
Hearts of palm, harvested from the inner core of certain palm trees, offer a slightly nutty flavour and a delicate texture that is reminiscent of white fish. It is a versatile alternative that can be used to make fillets, fish sticks, or even 'crab' cakes. Like tofu, it can be paired with nori for a more convincing seafood flavour.
Perfecting Your Vegan Fish and Chips
To truly nail the classic takeaway taste, a few extra steps are essential, from crafting the perfect batter to ensuring your chips are vegan-friendly.
Crafting the Crispy Batter
A light, airy, and crispy batter is non-negotiable for a perfect fish and chips experience. Many vegan recipes use a combination of flour, cornstarch, and baking powder, with cold beer or sparkling water added for leavening. The cold, carbonated liquid creates bubbles that expand when fried, resulting in a delightfully crisp coating. A dash of turmeric can also be added for a golden-yellow hue.
Seasoning for the 'Sea' Taste
Since plant-based alternatives have a neutral flavour profile, adding a 'seafood' flavour is crucial for authenticity. Nori, the seaweed used for sushi, is the go-to for this purpose. It can be blended into a powder, or sheets can be attached directly to the 'fish' before battering. Other umami-rich ingredients like miso paste and kelp granules are also great additions to marinades. A sprinkle of 'Old Bay' seasoning, a blend of celery salt, paprika, and other spices, can provide a classic coastal taste.
Vegan-Friendly Chips
While potatoes are vegan, the chips from a traditional shop may not be. To be certain, either prepare your chips at home using vegetable oil or find a specialist vegan-friendly chippy. Homemade chunky chips can be parboiled, tossed in oil, and then baked or fried for a perfect finish. Always ask at the restaurant about their cooking oil to avoid any surprises. Don't forget the mushy peas, which are typically vegan but can sometimes contain dairy, so it is always wise to double-check.
Comparison of Vegan Fish Alternatives
| Feature | Tofu | Banana Blossom | Jackfruit | Hearts of Palm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texture | Firm and flaky (especially when frozen) | Naturally flaky and fibrous | Soft, meaty, and flaky | Flaky, delicate, and slightly nutty |
| Flavour Absorption | Excellent, takes on marinade well | Excellent, absorbs marinades easily | Good, infuses with flavour | Good, neutral base |
| Availability | Widely available | Growing availability, common in Asian markets | Widely available in cans | Found in cans in most grocery stores |
| Preparation Difficulty | Medium (pressing, optional freezing) | Easy (canned version) | Easy (canned version) | Easy (canned version) |
Conclusion: Satisfying Your Vegan Fish and Chips Craving
While the answer to 'Can vegans have fish and chips?' is no in its traditional form, the modern vegan diet offers a range of incredibly satisfying and creative alternatives. From the naturally flaky texture of banana blossom to the versatile protein of tofu, you can recreate the classic British dish without compromising your values. With the right techniques for flavouring and a delicious, crispy batter, a wholesome and nutritious plant-based version can be enjoyed by everyone. Whether you opt for a homemade recipe or find a vegan-friendly chippy, the taste of the seaside can be savoured completely cruelty-free.
For more information on the ethical and environmental reasons behind excluding fish from a vegan diet, see the resource from Sentient Media on the ethics of eating fish.
Optional Additions to Your Vegan Feast
To complete your perfect plant-based fish and chips meal, consider these classic accompaniments:
- Vegan Tartar Sauce: A simple mix of vegan mayonnaise, chopped capers, pickles (gherkins), and fresh dill.
- Mushy Peas: Many pre-made versions are vegan, but it's always best to check the label for any hidden ingredients. A homemade version is quick and easy to prepare.
- Malt Vinegar: A sprinkle of malt vinegar is a traditional finisher that is naturally vegan.
- Lemon Wedges: A fresh squeeze of lemon juice brings a zesty brightness that complements the 'fish' and chips perfectly.
Ultimately, a vegan diet proves that you don't need to sacrifice your favourite classic meals. With a little creativity and a few key plant-based swaps, you can enjoy a healthier, more compassionate version of fish and chips that is every bit as satisfying as the original.
