The Science Behind MGO in Manuka Honey
MGO stands for methylglyoxal, a naturally occurring chemical compound that is one of the key factors giving Manuka honey its powerful antibacterial properties. Unlike most honeys, which derive their antibacterial effect from hydrogen peroxide that can break down easily, Manuka honey's potency from MGO is more stable and reliable.
This unique compound originates from dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is found in high concentrations in the nectar of the Manuka flower (Leptospermum scoparium). As the honey matures in the hive, the DHA naturally converts into MGO over time, increasing the honey's potency. The final MGO content is what is measured and represented by the numerical rating on the honey's label, indicating its strength.
Understanding Manuka Honey Grades: MGO vs. UMF
When shopping for Manuka honey, you will encounter different rating systems, most commonly MGO and UMF (Unique Manuka Factor). While both indicate quality, they measure different aspects of the honey.
MGO: A Direct Measure of Potency
- Simple and Direct: The MGO rating is a straightforward measure of the methylglyoxal concentration in the honey, expressed in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).
- Clear Potency: A higher MGO number, such as MGO 550+, means a higher concentration of methylglyoxal and, therefore, stronger antibacterial activity.
- Focuses on One Compound: While MGO is the primary antibacterial agent, this rating system does not guarantee other authenticity markers or freshness.
UMF: The Comprehensive Quality Mark
- Trademarked Quality: The UMF certification is a quality trademark managed by the UMF Honey Association in New Zealand.
- Multi-Factor Testing: It tests for four key markers: MGO for potency, DHA for shelf life, Leptosperin for authenticity (unique to Manuka nectar), and Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) for freshness.
- Guaranteed Authenticity: UMF certification provides a broader assurance of origin, quality, and purity, protecting consumers from counterfeit products.
Comparison of MGO and UMF
| Feature | MGO Rating | UMF™ Certification |
|---|---|---|
| What It Measures | The concentration of methylglyoxal (MGO) only. | The presence of multiple key markers, including MGO, DHA, and Leptosperin, for potency, purity, and authenticity. |
| Simplicity | A simple, direct indicator of antibacterial strength. | A comprehensive assurance of origin, quality, and authenticity. |
| Authenticity | Does not provide a guarantee of authenticity or origin on its own. | A trademark that guarantees the honey is genuine, tested, and from New Zealand. |
| Labeling | Displayed as MGO [number]+ (e.g., MGO 550+). | Displayed with the UMF™ logo and a license number, along with the grade (e.g., UMF™ 15+). |
Incorporating MGO Manuka Honey into Your Diet
Manuka honey's potency means it can be used for more than just a sweet treat. The right MGO level for you depends on your wellness goals.
- Everyday Wellness (MGO 100-250+): This is ideal for general daily use. You can add it to your tea, yogurt, or smoothies to support overall immunity and general health.
- Targeted Support (MGO 300-500+): For moderate support, such as during cold and flu season or to aid minor digestive issues, a mid-range MGO is a good choice.
- Intensive Use (MGO 500+ and above): Higher-strength Manuka honey is often reserved for targeted therapeutic applications, including wound care, skin concerns, and more intensive immune support.
Practical uses for MGO Manuka Honey
- Wound Healing: Applied topically, high-MGO Manuka honey helps inhibit harmful bacteria and promotes tissue regeneration, aiding in the healing of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns.
- Sore Throat Relief: Taking a teaspoon of Manuka honey can help soothe a sore throat and coat the lining, reducing irritation.
- Digestive Health: MGO's antibacterial properties can help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria and ease digestive discomfort. Some studies have also explored its effect on certain bacteria related to ulcers.
Potential Risks and Considerations
While MGO in Manuka honey offers significant benefits, it's not without potential considerations. Some studies have suggested that high concentrations of MGO, while antibacterial, could potentially lead to the formation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the body, which have been linked to various health concerns, including diabetic complications.
For individuals with diabetes, it is particularly important to monitor sugar intake and consider the potential risks associated with high MGO levels. As with any dietary supplement, especially those used for therapeutic purposes, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating Manuka honey into your routine.
Conclusion
The numerical MGO rating on a jar of Manuka honey is not just a number; it is a scientifically-backed measure of its potency derived from the compound methylglyoxal. Understanding what does MGO mean on Manuka honey is essential for making an informed nutritional choice and matching the right grade of honey to your wellness goals. For general, daily immune support, a lower MGO grade may suffice, while higher grades are more suitable for targeted, therapeutic uses. Always ensure you purchase from a trusted brand that verifies its product's authenticity, with UMF certification being the gold standard for comprehensive quality assurance.
Is MGO a Guarantee of Authenticity?
No. While a genuine Manuka honey will have a corresponding MGO rating, MGO can theoretically be added synthetically. For guaranteed authenticity, look for third-party certifications like the Unique Manuka Factor (UMF) mark, which tests for multiple natural compounds.
What is the difference in taste between high and low MGO Manuka honey?
Higher MGO Manuka honey typically has a stronger, more robust, and sometimes more medicinal flavor profile compared to lower MGO grades, which tend to have a milder, sweeter taste.
Is MGO Manuka honey safe for everyone?
Manuka honey is generally safe for most people, but it is not recommended for infants under 1 year old due to the risk of botulism. People with diabetes should consult a doctor due to the sugar content and potential link between high MGO and AGEs.
What are the benefits of using MGO Manuka honey in my diet?
Integrating Manuka honey can offer antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits that support overall wellness, boost immunity, and aid digestion.
Can I use MGO Manuka honey on my skin?
Yes, Manuka honey, particularly higher MGO grades, is often used topically for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties to help with wound healing, acne, and other skin conditions.
What is the connection between MGO and DHA?
DHA (dihydroxyacetone) is a compound naturally present in the nectar of the Manuka flower. As the honey matures, the DHA slowly converts into MGO, which is why a jar of Manuka honey will show MGO ratings that can increase over time.
Can I cook with MGO Manuka honey?
Cooking with high heat can degrade some of the beneficial compounds, including MGO. To preserve its therapeutic properties, it is best to use Manuka honey in warm (not boiling) foods or consume it directly.
