What is Maltitol and How Does It Function in Candy?
Maltitol, classified as a sugar alcohol or polyol, is a sugar substitute derived from maltose, which is obtained from corn, wheat, or potato starch. It provides about 75–90% of the sweetness of table sugar but with roughly half the calories, making it a popular ingredient in sugar-free and low-carb products. Unlike regular sugar, maltitol is not fully absorbed by the body, which leads to a smaller impact on blood sugar and insulin levels.
Beyond just sweetening, maltitol offers valuable functional properties to candy manufacturers. For example, it provides a smooth, creamy texture similar to sugar, which is particularly useful in chocolates. Its heat stability makes it ideal for baking and confectionery, and its ability to retain moisture helps keep baked goods soft. Moreover, it does not promote tooth decay like regular sugar, adding a dental health benefit.
List of Candies That May Contain Maltitol
Many brands use maltitol to create their sugar-free versions of classic candies. It is important to always read the ingredient label, as formulations can vary, and products often contain a combination of sweeteners.
- Russell Stover Sugar Free: This brand offers a wide range of sugar-free assortments, from assorted chocolates to pecan delights, many of which are sweetened with maltitol or maltitol syrup.
- Hershey's Zero Sugar: Certain varieties, like Hershey's Zero Sugar Special Dark, list maltitol as a key ingredient.
- Reese's Zero Sugar Peanut Butter Cups: This popular candy is sweetened with a combination of sugar alcohols, including maltitol and lactitol.
- Werther's Original Sugar Free: While some varieties use other sweeteners, their caramel and chocolate hard candies have been noted to contain maltitol.
- York Zero Sugar Peppermint Patties: This sugar-free version of the iconic treat uses a blend of maltitol and maltitol syrup.
- Sugar-Free Gummy Candies: Some brands of gummy bears, such as Albanese and Haribo's sugar-free versions, have historically used maltitol syrup. However, the use of maltitol in gummy products is notoriously associated with potential gastrointestinal distress when consumed in large quantities.
- Diablo No Added Sugar Products: This brand, often found in European markets, specifies that its dark chocolate and some cookies are sweetened with maltitol.
Maltitol vs. Other Sugar-Free Sweeteners
Choosing a sugar-free candy often means choosing between different sweeteners, each with unique properties and potential effects on the body. Maltitol differs from other popular sugar substitutes in several ways.
| Feature | Maltitol | Erythritol | Stevia | Monk Fruit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calories per Gram | ~2.1-2.4 kcal | ~0.24 kcal | 0 kcal | 0 kcal |
| Sweetness (vs. Sugar) | 75-90% | 60-80% | Up to 300x | 150-200x |
| Glycemic Index | Moderate (35-52) | Zero | Zero | Zero |
| Digestive Impact | May cause gas, bloating, and laxative effect in large doses | Generally well-tolerated; large doses may have a cooling effect | Well-tolerated | Well-tolerated |
| Taste | Similar to sugar, no cooling effect | May have a minty-sweet or cooling sensation | Can have a strong aftertaste | Clean, sweet taste |
| Best Uses | Chewy candies, chocolates, baked goods | Beverages, baked goods, sugar-free products | Baking, drinks, flavored products | Chocolates, candies, keto products |
Potential Side Effects of Maltitol
While generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA, maltitol can have some side effects, particularly when consumed in excess. Because it is not fully digested, it can ferment in the large intestine, leading to:
- Gastrointestinal Distress: This is the most common issue. Symptoms include gas, bloating, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. A product label may even carry a warning about potential laxative effects.
- Blood Sugar Impact: Unlike zero-calorie sweeteners like erythritol or stevia, maltitol is a carbohydrate with some calories and a moderate glycemic index. While its effect on blood sugar is less pronounced than table sugar, individuals with diabetes should still monitor their intake carefully and check their blood sugar levels.
- Misleading Labeling: The term “sugar-free” can be deceiving, as maltitol still contains carbohydrates and calories. Over-consumption based on a false sense of security can lead to unwanted digestive issues or weight gain.
Navigating Sugar-Free Choices
For those managing blood sugar or reducing sugar intake, maltitol-sweetened candies can be a welcome treat, but mindful consumption is key. Always read the ingredient list to determine if a product uses maltitol and compare it with other sweeteners. Many brands now offer a variety of sugar-free options using different sugar alcohols or alternative sweeteners, so you can find what works best for your body. Starting with a small portion can help you gauge your personal tolerance to maltitol's potential digestive effects.
Conclusion: Enjoying Maltitol Candies with Moderation
For many, maltitol provides a satisfying way to enjoy sugar-free candy with a taste and texture remarkably similar to their sugary counterparts. Its use in popular brands like Russell Stover, Hershey's, and Reese's offers familiar treats to those monitoring their sugar intake. However, it's crucial to be aware of the potential for gastrointestinal discomfort and the fact that it can still impact blood sugar, albeit less than sucrose. By checking ingredient labels, practicing moderation, and understanding how maltitol compares to other sweeteners like erythritol and stevia, you can make informed choices to satisfy your sweet tooth without derailing your dietary goals. As with any diet modification, consulting a healthcare provider or registered dietitian is advisable to ensure it aligns with your specific health needs.
For further information on sugar substitutes:
For more detailed information on sweeteners, their properties, and their use in dietetics, consult resources from authoritative organizations like the Calorie Control Council or Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ).
Note: Product ingredients can change. Always check the most current product label for accurate information. Some brands may switch between sweeteners depending on the product line or formulation updates.
What are some examples of candies with maltitol?
Some examples include Russell Stover Sugar Free Assorted Chocolates, Hershey's Zero Sugar Special Dark, Reese's Zero Sugar Peanut Butter Cups, and certain varieties of Werther's Original Sugar Free caramels. You may also find it in some sugar-free gummy candies and chocolate bars from brands like Diablo.
Is maltitol safe for diabetics?
Maltitol is generally considered safe for diabetics, as it has a lower glycemic index and fewer calories than regular sugar, leading to a smaller and slower increase in blood glucose levels. However, because it is still a carbohydrate and has some effect on blood sugar, it should be consumed in moderation, and individuals should monitor their glucose levels.
Do all sugar-free candies contain maltitol?
No, not all sugar-free candies contain maltitol. Many brands use other sugar alcohols like erythritol, xylitol, or isomalt, or zero-calorie sweeteners like stevia and monk fruit extract. It's essential to check the ingredient list on any product you purchase.
What are the side effects of eating too much maltitol?
Excessive consumption of maltitol, like other sugar alcohols, can cause gastrointestinal side effects. These can include gas, bloating, abdominal pain, and a laxative effect. The intensity of these effects varies from person to person.
Is there a recommended daily limit for maltitol intake?
While there isn't a universally mandated limit, experts suggest that most people can tolerate up to 30 grams of maltitol without experiencing digestive issues. However, some individuals are more sensitive, and a daily intake of 10–15 grams might be a safer starting point to avoid discomfort.
How can I tell if a candy has maltitol?
To determine if a candy contains maltitol, you should read the ingredient list on the product packaging. Maltitol will be listed as one of the ingredients, often as "maltitol" or "maltitol syrup." It may also be identified by its E number, E965.
Does maltitol taste different from sugar?
Maltitol has a sweetness profile very similar to sugar, with a clean, pleasant taste. Unlike some other sugar alcohols like erythritol, it does not have a notable cooling sensation in the mouth. It is also about 75–90% as sweet as sucrose.
