What is Methylglyoxal (MGO)?
Methylglyoxal, or MGO, is a naturally occurring organic compound found in authentic Manuka honey and is the key element responsible for its exceptional antibacterial properties. While MGO exists in minimal quantities in most other types of honey, its concentration in Manuka honey is uniquely high. The MGO originates from Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a precursor compound abundant in the nectar of the Manuka flower (Leptospermum scoparium), native to New Zealand and Australia. Over time, this DHA converts into MGO, with the level increasing as the honey matures. This process gives Manuka honey its powerful, stable, non-peroxide antibacterial activity, setting it apart from traditional honey which relies on hydrogen peroxide for its antibacterial effects.
Decoding the 500 MGO+ Rating
When you see a label stating "500 MGO+" on a jar of Manuka honey, it means that the honey contains a minimum of 500 milligrams of Methylglyoxal per kilogram. This places it in the high-strength, premium category of Manuka honey and indicates a very high level of antibacterial activity.
A 500 MGO rating is often sought after for specific, targeted health applications due to its heightened potency. These therapeutic uses go beyond the general wellness benefits offered by lower-grade Manuka honey and include:
- Support for immune health: Particularly during seasonal wellness challenges, a higher MGO grade can provide a more robust boost to the immune system.
- Digestive health: The potent antibacterial effects of MGO can help balance gut flora and may assist with digestive issues. Some research even indicates its effectiveness against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium linked to stomach ulcers.
- Topical applications: Its strong antibacterial properties make it suitable for use on minor wounds, cuts, and burns to protect against infection and support healing.
The MGO Grading System vs. UMF™
While MGO is the most direct measurement of antibacterial potency, another prominent grading system is UMF™ (Unique Manuka Factor). The key difference is that UMF is a more comprehensive certification that includes MGO but also tests for other authenticity markers, including DHA (the MGO precursor), Leptosperin (a chemical unique to Manuka nectar), and HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural, an indicator of freshness). The MGO rating is a simpler, more direct measurement of the key active compound. The UMF rating correlates directly with MGO levels, with MGO 512+ corresponding to approximately a UMF 15+ grade. Choosing a honey with both MGO and UMF certification ensures both potency and authenticity, though many brands opt to use the simpler MGO metric.
Comparison of MGO Levels and Their Uses
Understanding the various MGO grades is essential for choosing the right honey for your needs. The following table provides a quick guide to different potencies and their recommended applications:
| MGO Grade (mg/kg) | Potency Level | Recommended Use |
|---|---|---|
| 30+ to 100+ | Mild | Everyday wellness, general health maintenance, adding to food and drinks. |
| 200+ to 300+ | Moderate | Daily immune support, seasonal wellness boosts, soothing sore throats and coughs. |
| 500+ | High | Targeted therapeutic support for immune and digestive issues, minor wound care, and skin ailments. |
| 800+ to 1000+ | Superior / Very High | Premium-grade, for targeted support of more complex or chronic health issues. |
Selecting Authentic Manuka Honey
Because of its high value, the Manuka honey market can have counterfeit products. To ensure you are purchasing genuine Manuka honey with the potency indicated, look for specific markers on the label.
Key points for shoppers:
- Look for certification: Check for either a UMF™ or MGO rating from an independent laboratory. Some reputable producers provide a QR code on the label linking to batch-specific lab test results.
- Check the origin: Authentic Manuka honey originates from New Zealand or parts of Australia. The label should specify the source. You can reference the official New Zealand government definition for Manuka honey for verification.
- Understand monofloral vs. multifloral: Monofloral Manuka honey, primarily derived from the Manuka bush, typically has a higher concentration of MGO and is more potent than multifloral varieties.
Conclusion
The 500 MGO rating on Manuka honey is a direct indicator of its potent, scientifically-backed antibacterial strength, providing robust support for immune, digestive, and topical health applications. While lower grades are excellent for daily wellness, a 500+ MGO honey represents a premium, therapeutic-grade option. Understanding the MGO grading system empowers consumers to make informed choices, selecting the appropriate potency level for their specific wellness goals. By looking for verified MGO and, ideally, UMF™ certifications, you can be confident that you are getting a genuine, high-quality Manuka honey. For official details on New Zealand's definition and testing of Manuka honey, refer to the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries website.
