Pro-inflammatory Foods to Minimize
Chronic inflammation is a characteristic of autoimmune conditions, including dermatomyositis. Diet can either promote or reduce this inflammatory response. For many with dermatomyositis, limiting pro-inflammatory foods is a logical step toward symptom management.
Processed and Fast Foods
Highly processed foods often contain ingredients that contribute to systemic inflammation. This includes fast-food items, pre-packaged snacks, and ready-to-eat meals. These products frequently have high levels of trans fats, saturated fats, and refined sugars, all known to promote inflammation. They offer little nutritional value and may lead to weight gain, putting strain on muscles and joints.
Sugary Foods and Drinks
Refined sugars and high-fructose corn syrup are particularly problematic for individuals with dermatomyositis. Excess sugar consumption can cause blood sugar spikes, which triggers inflammation. Common sources include soda, candy, pastries, cookies, and fruit juices with added sugar. Limiting these items is crucial for those taking corticosteroids like prednisone, which can elevate blood sugar.
Saturated and Trans Fats
While healthy fats like omega-3s are beneficial, a high intake of saturated and trans fats can be harmful. Saturated fats, found in full-fat dairy products, fatty cuts of meat, and fried foods, are pro-inflammatory. Trans fats, often in margarine and baked goods, are damaging and can cause widespread inflammation. Healthy fats from olive oil, avocado, and nuts are recommended.
Potential Allergenic and Trigger Foods
For some with autoimmune conditions, specific foods can act as triggers, causing the immune system to overreact and worsen symptoms. A personalized approach, often involving elimination and reintroduction, is best for identifying triggers.
Gluten
There is a documented association between dermatomyositis and celiac disease, a condition triggered by gluten. Some instances show dermatomyositis symptoms resolving after a strict gluten-free diet. Healthcare providers may recommend testing for celiac disease or exploring a temporary gluten-free diet under medical supervision. Gluten is a protein in wheat, rye, and barley, present in many foods like bread, pasta, and cereals.
Dairy Products
Dairy is sometimes implicated in triggering autoimmune responses. Some people find that eliminating dairy, especially full-fat varieties, can help reduce inflammation. Dairy products are a key source of calcium, so ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake from other sources to protect bone health.
Nightshade Vegetables
The nightshade family includes tomatoes, white potatoes, peppers, and eggplant. Some reports suggest these foods may trigger inflammatory responses in sensitive individuals with autoimmune diseases, but this is debated. For most, the high nutritional content outweighs risks, but an elimination diet can help confirm or deny sensitivity.
Other Dietary Considerations
Beyond avoiding pro-inflammatory items, people with dermatomyositis must also be mindful of other dietary factors related to their condition and its treatment.
Addressing Dysphagia (Swallowing Difficulties)
Dermatomyositis can weaken the esophagus muscles, making swallowing difficult (dysphagia). This can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, and increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. If you experience swallowing issues, your medical team may recommend:
- Consuming soft, moist foods.
- Opting for blended soups and smoothies.
- Drinking fluids between bites of solid food.
- Avoiding dry, crumbly foods like crackers or dry cereal.
Managing Medication Side Effects
Corticosteroids, a common dermatomyositis treatment, can cause side effects impacting diet, such as weight gain, elevated blood pressure, and increased blood sugar. Limiting sodium, monitoring carbohydrate intake, and eating smaller, more frequent meals can help manage these effects.
Comparison of Pro-Inflammatory vs. Anti-Inflammatory Foods
| Food Category | Foods to Limit/Avoid | Anti-Inflammatory Alternatives |
|---|---|---|
| Fats | Saturated fats (fatty meats, full-fat dairy), trans fats (margarine, baked goods), vegetable oils high in omega-6s | Omega-3s (fatty fish like salmon, sardines), monounsaturated fats (olive oil, avocado, nuts) |
| Carbohydrates | Refined sugars (soda, candy), high-fructose corn syrup, refined grains (white bread, pasta) | Whole grains (brown rice, quinoa, whole wheat), complex carbs (sweet potatoes) |
| Meats | Processed meats (bacon, sausage), fatty red meats | Lean proteins (poultry, fish), plant-based proteins (beans, soy, nuts) |
| Beverages | Sugary soda, excessive alcohol, coffee | Water, herbal tea, green tea, in moderation red wine |
| Proteins | Some anecdotal reports suggest limiting dairy, eggs | Lean meats, plant-based proteins (legumes, tofu), omega-3 fortified eggs, plant-based dairy alternatives |
Conclusion
While a definitive diet for dermatomyositis does not exist, a targeted dietary approach can help manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. The core principle involves limiting processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats. For some, identifying and eliminating specific triggers like gluten or dairy may offer relief. Addressing symptoms like dysphagia through modified food textures is also critical. Always consult a healthcare provider or registered dietitian to develop a personalized plan that complements medical treatment and addresses your individual needs, especially when considering elimination diets or supplements. By making thoughtful food choices, you can support your body's healing process and improve overall well-being. The Myositis Association provides additional resources and support for individuals navigating the challenges of this condition.
