The Fundamental Divide: DGL vs. Traditional Licorice
Licorice comes in many forms, but its distinction rests primarily on one compound: glycyrrhizin. The root of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant naturally contains this compound, which provides licorice with its characteristic sweet flavor and many of its traditional medicinal properties, but also its primary health risks. For this reason, a special form known as deglycyrrhizinated licorice, or DGL, was developed.
Traditional Licorice Root (with Glycyrrhizin) Traditional licorice root and its extracts contain glycyrrhizin. While it's been used in traditional Chinese medicine and other practices for centuries, modern medical guidance advises caution with its consumption, especially in high doses or for prolonged periods. The glycyrrhizin in traditional licorice can cause serious side effects by impacting the body's cortisol metabolism and electrolyte balance.
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) DGL is licorice root from which the glycyrrhizin has been removed. This process eliminates the risk of glycyrrhizin-induced side effects like high blood pressure and low potassium levels, making it a safer option for certain therapeutic uses. However, since glycyrrhizin is responsible for some of licorice's effects, DGL is primarily focused on benefiting the digestive system.
Health Benefits and Considerations
Traditional Licorice Root
- Digestive Health: Can help with heartburn, indigestion, and peptic ulcers, and may inhibit the growth of H. pylori bacteria.
- Respiratory Support: Used to soothe sore throats, coughs, and other upper respiratory conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties.
- Skin Conditions: May offer some relief for inflammatory skin issues like eczema when applied topically.
- Other Uses: Some research explores its use for viral hepatitis, menopausal symptoms, and its anti-cancer properties, though more human studies are needed.
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
- Ulcer Healing: Promotes the healing of peptic ulcers by stimulating the production of mucin, which protects the stomach lining.
- Heartburn Relief: Effectively soothes the irritated lining of the esophagus and stomach, providing relief from acid reflux and heartburn.
- Mouth Sores: Can be used in chewable tablet or mouthwash form to accelerate the healing of canker sores.
A Comparison of Licorice Types
| Feature | Traditional Licorice Root | Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) |
|---|---|---|
| Contains Glycyrrhizin? | Yes | No |
| Flavor Profile | Often found in black licorice candy and some herbal remedies, a distinctively sweet and herbal taste. | Flavor profile varies depending on the form, often with a milder, less sweet taste since the glycyrrhizin is removed. |
| Primary Health Focus | Broad-spectrum herbal uses including respiratory, digestive, and anti-inflammatory support. | Primarily targets digestive health, especially for ulcers and acid reflux. |
| Side Effects | Potential for serious side effects with chronic or high-dose use, including high blood pressure, low potassium, fluid retention, and heart issues. | Generally considered safe, as the problematic glycyrrhizin is removed. |
| Safety Precautions | Avoid if you have high blood pressure, heart, or kidney disease, are pregnant, or take certain medications. | Considered safer, but should still be discussed with a healthcare provider, particularly for long-term use. |
| Consumption Method | Teas, powders, capsules, and candies. Consumption requires strict moderation. | Chewable tablets are recommended to mix with saliva for activation; also available in capsules, powders, and creams. |
Navigating Your Choices and Potential Risks
When considering what kind of licorice is best for you, it is vital to assess your own health profile. If you are seeking digestive relief without the risks associated with glycyrrhizin, DGL is the superior and safer choice. For those interested in the broader traditional benefits of licorice root, caution is paramount. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted the potential dangers of excessive black licorice consumption. Pregnant women and individuals with heart conditions, kidney disease, or high blood pressure should avoid products containing glycyrrhizin. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen, as licorice can interact with various medications, including blood pressure drugs, diuretics, and corticosteroids.
Conclusion
Ultimately, the best kind of licorice for you is the one that aligns with your health goals while minimizing risk. For digestive support, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is a safe and effective option. For those who simply enjoy the flavor, it is crucial to understand whether a product contains real licorice root and to consume it in strict moderation. By understanding the key differences and potential risks, you can make an informed choice that prioritizes your well-being. A discussion with a healthcare provider is the most responsible first step before incorporating any licorice supplement into your diet.
