Which fish is good for ulcers? The best choices for soothing and healing your stomach

October 2, 2025 •

4 min read

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), dietary choices can significantly impact the healing process of ulcers, especially those caused by H. pylori. Understanding which fish is good for ulcers involves considering both lean and fatty types, prized for their anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids and highly digestible protein.

Quick Summary

The ideal fish for ulcers includes anti-inflammatory omega-3-rich varieties like salmon and sardines, as well as lean, easily digested options such as cod and tilapia. Gentle cooking methods like baking or poaching are best to support gut healing and avoid irritation.

Key Points

Omega-3s Reduce Inflammation: Fatty fish like salmon and mackerel contain omega-3 fatty acids that help reduce inflammation in the stomach lining and aid healing.
Lean Fish is Easy to Digest: White fish such as cod, haddock, and tilapia are low in fat and protein, making them gentle on the digestive system.
Gentle Cooking is Crucial: Avoid frying, which can worsen symptoms, and instead opt for baking, steaming, or poaching to prepare fish for an ulcer diet.
Protein Aids Tissue Repair: The high-quality protein in fish is essential for repairing the damaged tissues caused by ulcers.
Avoid Trigger Foods: Always steer clear of spicy, fatty, acidic foods, caffeine, and alcohol, as they can irritate an ulcer.
Diet Complements Medical Treatment: While beneficial, dietary changes are meant to support, not replace, the medical treatment prescribed by a doctor for ulcers.

Understanding the Role of Diet in Ulcer Management

Stomach ulcers, or peptic ulcers, are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or small intestine. They are commonly caused by the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterium or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While diet doesn't cause ulcers, certain foods and preparation methods can either irritate the stomach lining, worsening symptoms, or promote healing. A balanced, gut-friendly diet is an important part of a comprehensive treatment plan alongside medical therapy. Fish can be a great source of protein and healthy fats for people with ulcers, provided the right types are chosen and prepared correctly.

The Anti-Inflammatory Power of Omega-3 Rich Fish

Omega-3 fatty acids, abundant in certain fish, have well-documented anti-inflammatory properties. This is particularly beneficial for ulcer sufferers, as inflammation is a key component of ulcer formation and symptoms. Omega-3s can help reduce inflammation in the gastric mucosa, soothing the stomach lining and potentially aiding in healing. Some studies suggest that the omega-3s EPA and DHA, in particular, may have anti-H. pylori effects by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, though more research is needed. Fatty fish high in omega-3s include:

Salmon: A widely available and excellent source of EPA and DHA.
Mackerel: Another cold-water fish rich in omega-3s that can help reduce stomach inflammation.
Sardines: These small, oily fish are packed with omega-3s and are easy to incorporate into a bland diet.
Herring: A flavorful, oily fish that offers a significant dose of healthy fatty acids.

The Gentle Digestion of Lean Fish

Lean fish offers a great source of protein without the high-fat content that can sometimes slow down digestion and exacerbate ulcer symptoms in some individuals. Low-fat protein is crucial for tissue repair and healing damaged stomach linings. Many mild, white fish are considered gentle on the stomach and are well-tolerated. Examples include:

Cod: A flaky, low-fat fish with a very mild flavor.
Tilapia: A very lean fish that takes on other mild flavors well.
Haddock: Another mild, white fish that is easy to digest.
Flounder: A delicate, lean fish that is gentle on the digestive system.

Choosing the Right Cooking Method

Even the best fish can become irritating if prepared incorrectly. Frying adds excess fat that can trigger acid production and bloating, making symptoms worse. To maximize the benefits and minimize irritation, opt for gentle cooking methods:

Baking: Place fish fillets in a foil parcel with mild herbs like dill and parsley. A splash of water or a little olive oil can keep it moist.
Poaching: This method involves simmering fish gently in a small amount of liquid, like water or low-fat milk, until cooked. This is an ideal way to prepare delicate white fish.
Steaming: Steaming cooks the fish evenly and retains moisture without adding extra fat. Seasoning with fresh herbs can add flavor without irritation.

Lean Fish vs. Fatty Fish for Ulcers: A Comparison


Feature	Fatty Fish (e.g., Salmon, Mackerel)	Lean Fish (e.g., Cod, Tilapia)
Key Benefit	High in anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, which aid in healing the stomach lining and may combat H. pylori.	Excellent source of low-fat protein, which is easily digestible and supports tissue repair without irritating the stomach.
Digestion	Can be slightly richer due to fat content, but generally well-tolerated when prepared gently.	Very easy to digest and less likely to cause discomfort due to minimal fat content.
Best For	Reducing inflammation and promoting long-term healing.	Providing essential protein with minimal gastric irritation, especially during initial healing phases.
Examples	Salmon, Mackerel, Herring, Sardines.	Cod, Tilapia, Haddock, Flounder.

Other Dietary Considerations for Ulcer Patients

To create a truly ulcer-friendly diet, it's essential to consider other food groups and habits.

Embrace High-Fiber Foods: Whole grains, vegetables, and legumes can help reduce stomach acidity and aid in digestion.
Incorporate Probiotics: Foods like yogurt and kefir contain beneficial bacteria that can help balance the gut and fight H. pylori.
Prioritize Cooked Vegetables: Leafy greens, carrots, and broccoli are rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Cooking them makes them easier to digest than raw versions.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush out excess stomach acid and maintains the mucosal lining.
Eat Small, Frequent Meals: Large meals require more stomach acid for digestion, which can aggravate ulcer symptoms.

Foods and Habits to Avoid

Alongside incorporating beneficial foods, it is crucial to eliminate items known to irritate the stomach and worsen ulcer symptoms.

Spicy Foods: Chilies, hot sauces, and other spicy ingredients can directly irritate an ulcer.
Acidic Foods: Citrus fruits and tomatoes are highly acidic and should be limited.
Caffeine: Coffee and tea can increase stomach acid production, causing discomfort.
Alcohol: Excessive alcohol intake erodes the stomach lining and increases acid.
Fried and Fatty Foods: These are harder to digest and can increase acid production.
NSAIDs: Long-term use of ibuprofen and aspirin is a common cause of ulcers. Always consult a doctor before taking medication.

Conclusion

For those wondering which fish is good for ulcers, the answer is clear: both lean and fatty varieties offer distinct benefits for healing. Omega-3-rich fish like salmon and mackerel provide powerful anti-inflammatory effects, while lean fish like cod and tilapia are gentle on a sensitive digestive system. The key to successful incorporation is careful preparation through baking, steaming, or poaching, and avoiding high-fat frying. By combining these smart fish choices with a diet rich in fiber, probiotics, and cooked vegetables while eliminating known irritants, you can significantly support your body's healing process and manage symptoms. Remember to always work with your healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive plan, as this dietary advice is meant to complement, not replace, medical treatment.

For more information on digestive health, visit the National Institutes of Health website.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, canned fish can be a good option, provided it is packed in water rather than oil. Opt for low-sodium versions and check the label for any added irritants. Oil-packed fish may be too high in fat for some sensitive individuals.

No, fried fish should be avoided. The high fat content in fried foods is known to increase stomach acid production and can aggravate ulcer symptoms and slow digestion.

There is no strict rule, but incorporating fish into your diet two to three times a week can be beneficial. It is important to focus on variety and listen to your body, as individual tolerance can vary.

The best methods are gentle, low-fat options like baking, poaching, or steaming. These preparations keep the fish tender and easy to digest while avoiding the irritation caused by high-fat cooking methods like frying.

Generally, plain, non-fried shellfish are considered safe, as they are lean protein sources. However, as with any food, individual tolerance varies. Ensure they are not prepared with spicy or creamy sauces, which can be irritants.

Some studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil can have anti-inflammatory effects that may help reduce symptoms and promote healing. Always consult your doctor before starting any supplement regimen to ensure it is appropriate for your specific condition.

Instead of spicy rubs or marinades, use mild herbs like dill, parsley, and cilantro. Garlic and ginger can also be well-tolerated and offer anti-inflammatory benefits when used in moderation.