What Exactly is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, soft sedimentary rock that crumbles into a fine powder. It is primarily composed of amorphous silica, the fossilized exoskeletons of ancient diatoms. These tiny skeletons have a unique, honeycomb-like structure that makes the powder highly absorbent and mildly abrasive. The primary draw for human consumption comes from its high silica content, a mineral believed to support various bodily functions.
The All-Important Distinction: Food-Grade vs. Industrial-Grade
Before considering consumption, it is critical to understand the stark difference between the types of diatomaceous earth available. Not all DE is created equal, and ingesting the wrong kind can be extremely dangerous.
- Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth: This form is refined to contain very low levels of crystalline silica (typically less than 2%). It is certified for use in food products as an anti-caking agent or filtering aid and is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for these purposes. When ingested, it largely passes through the digestive system unchanged.
- Industrial-Grade Diatomaceous Earth: This variant is heat-treated and contains a much higher concentration of crystalline silica (around 60%). It is used in applications like pool filters, abrasives, and as a component in explosives. This form is toxic to mammals and should never be ingested or inhaled.
Why People are Consuming Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth
Driven by anecdotal reports and marketing, proponents of food-grade DE tout a wide array of health benefits. Many of these claims are extrapolated from DE's known industrial properties or are based on the purported benefits of silica.
1. Digestive Cleansing and Detoxification
One of the most common reasons for consuming DE is the belief that it can cleanse the digestive tract. The theory suggests that the porous, negatively-charged silica particles attract and trap positively-charged toxins, bacteria, viruses, and parasites, carrying them out of the body. Some proponents claim it can aid in parasite removal and even detoxify heavy metals like aluminum from the GI tract.
2. Improved Hair, Skin, and Nails
Silica is an essential mineral for the formation of collagen, a protein vital for healthy connective tissues, hair, skin, and nails. Some people consume food-grade DE to increase their silica intake, hoping to improve the health and appearance of their hair, skin, and nails. While silica is important, the effectiveness of DE as a supplement for this purpose has not been scientifically validated.
3. Joint and Bone Support
Since silica is a key component of bones and connective tissues, some users take DE to support bone mineral density and joint health, particularly those concerned about osteoporosis. While dietary silicon has been associated with better bone health, robust human studies confirming DE's effectiveness for this are lacking.
4. Cholesterol Management
A small 1998 human study involving 19 adults with moderately high cholesterol showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol after 8 weeks of taking food-grade DE. However, this study lacked a control group, and no conclusive claims can be made based on it. More recent, rigorous studies are needed to confirm any cholesterol-lowering effects.
Important Considerations and Risks
Despite the marketing claims, there are significant considerations and risks associated with consuming diatomaceous earth.
- Insufficient Scientific Evidence: Many of the benefits linked to DE are largely anecdotal or based on its industrial filtration properties rather than solid human research. The body has its own effective detoxification system, and the need for supplements like DE for general detox is unproven.
- Respiratory Danger: The most serious risk is inhalation. While food-grade DE contains low crystalline silica, inhaling any fine powder can irritate the lungs. Prolonged, high-level inhalation of crystalline silica can lead to a serious and irreversible lung disease called silicosis. A dust mask and proper ventilation are essential when handling DE.
- Digestive Irritation: Some users report digestive discomfort, including stomach upset, gas, and bloating, especially when first starting or if taking a high dose. While the FDA considers it safe in low concentrations, the abrasive particles may cause irritation for some individuals.
- Hydration is Key: Because DE is highly absorbent, adequate hydration is necessary when taking it to prevent issues like constipation.
- Drug Interactions: DE may interfere with the absorption of other medications or supplements. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional before adding it to your regimen.
How to Take Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth
For those who choose to take food-grade DE, anecdotal usage guidelines typically involve the following steps:
- Start Low: Begin with a small dose, such as one teaspoon mixed into liquid once a day.
- Increase Slowly: Over several weeks, gradually increase the dosage to one or two teaspoons daily, or up to one tablespoon.
- Mix with Liquid: Stir the powder vigorously into water, juice, or a smoothie, as it does not dissolve. The mixture will remain gritty.
- Drink Immediately: Consume the mixture right away to prevent the powder from settling at the bottom.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of extra water throughout the day.
Food-Grade vs. Industrial-Grade Diatomaceous Earth
| Feature | Food-Grade Diatomaceous Earth | Industrial-Grade Diatomaceous Earth |
|---|---|---|
| Crystalline Silica Content | Very low (under 2%) | High (around 60%) |
| Ingestion Safety | Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for consumption in low amounts | Toxic if ingested or inhaled |
| Primary Use Cases | Anti-caking agent in food/feed, supplement, pest control | Filtration for pools/liquids, abrasives, manufacturing |
| Handling Precautions | Avoid inhalation; can cause irritation | Use protective gear (respirator, gloves) |
Conclusion
While the reasons for consuming food-grade diatomaceous earth range from detox goals to improved hair and nail health, it is essential to approach these claims with a dose of skepticism. The scientific evidence supporting many of its purported benefits is limited or anecdotal. The most critical takeaway is the distinction between safe food-grade and toxic industrial-grade DE. Anyone considering taking this supplement should consult a healthcare professional first, especially given the lack of rigorous human studies and potential side effects. In all cases, extreme care must be taken to avoid inhaling the fine powder, regardless of its grade.
