What is Diatomaceous Earth?
Diatomaceous earth (DE) is a naturally occurring, soft, sedimentary rock made from the fossilized remains of microscopic aquatic organisms called diatoms. These tiny, hard-shelled algae skeletons are primarily composed of amorphous silica, which is silicon dioxide in a non-crystalline form. The product is available in two primary grades, and distinguishing between them is critical for human safety. Food-grade DE contains very low levels of crystalline silica and is purified for use in food, while filter-grade DE contains high levels of crystalline silica and is toxic if inhaled.
The Allure of Internal Use
The appeal of consuming food-grade DE stems from several health claims, many of which are based on its high silica content and anecdotal reports. Proponents suggest it acts as a natural cleanser, detoxifier, and mineral supplement. Its proponents believe that its porous, negatively charged particles can trap and remove positively charged toxins, bacteria, and parasites from the digestive tract. However, a significant gap exists between these theoretical mechanisms and concrete scientific proof in humans.
Health Claims vs. Scientific Evidence
There is very limited high-quality human research to support many of the widely circulated health benefits of ingesting diatomaceous earth. It is important to approach these claims with skepticism and prioritize evidence-based information.
| Health Claim | Proposed Mechanism | Scientific Evidence for Humans | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|
| Digestive Cleansing & Detoxification | Porous structure and negative charge attract and bind to toxins, heavy metals, and parasites in the digestive system. | Largely based on anecdotal reports and animal studies, not human clinical trials. The body's natural detox systems are already highly efficient. | Unproven for Humans |
| Cholesterol Reduction | Potential influence on lipid metabolism. | One small, uncontrolled study in 1998 showed some positive effects, but larger, placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm. | Needs More Research |
| Hair, Skin, and Nail Health | High silica content supports collagen production and connective tissues. | Bioavailable forms of silicon have shown promise for skin and hair health, but it's unclear how well the body absorbs silica from DE. | Indirect Evidence |
| Bone and Joint Health | Silicon plays a role in bone formation and collagen synthesis for joints and ligaments. | Some reviews link dietary silicon intake to bone health, but studies on the direct effects of DE supplementation are lacking. | Indirect Evidence |
The Critical Distinction: Food-Grade vs. Filter-Grade
Choosing the correct type of DE is a matter of safety. The fine powder of any DE, if inhaled, can cause irritation, but the high crystalline silica content in filter-grade DE poses a serious long-term health risk.
- Food-Grade DE: This type is mined from freshwater sources and contains less than 2% crystalline silica. The FDA lists it as "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS) for use in small concentrations, but not as a regulated dietary supplement.
- Filter-Grade DE: This industrial-grade product is often used for swimming pool filters. It is heated and contains around 60% crystalline silica, which is toxic to mammals and linked to severe respiratory diseases like silicosis when inhaled. It is never safe for human consumption.
Safety Precautions and Considerations
Before considering any dietary supplement, including food-grade DE, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional. For those who choose to proceed, several safety precautions should be followed:
- Avoid Inhalation: Always wear a mask when handling the powder to prevent lung and nasal irritation. If a spill occurs, clean it up with a wet cloth to avoid creating dust.
- Start Small: When ingesting, begin with a small dosage (e.g., one teaspoon) mixed with plenty of water and gradually increase over time.
- Monitor Symptoms: Some individuals report mild, flu-like symptoms initially, an anecdotal reaction some attribute to detoxifying effects. If any adverse reactions occur, discontinue use and consult a doctor.
- Check for Purity: Since dietary supplements are not strictly regulated, verify that the product is certified food-grade and pure. The Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) certification is a good indicator of quality.
How to Take Diatomaceous Earth
If you decide to try food-grade DE, it is tasteless and can be mixed into various liquids or soft foods. Common methods include:
- Water or Juice: Mix one teaspoon to a tablespoon into a glass of water, juice, or a smoothie and drink immediately.
- Yogurt or Oatmeal: Stir the powder into yogurt, applesauce, or oatmeal for easier ingestion.
- Timing: Some sources suggest taking it on an empty stomach, at least an hour before or two hours after eating, to potentially aid absorption, but this is not scientifically established.
Conclusion
While food-grade diatomaceous earth is recognized as safe for human consumption in small amounts and contains silica, an essential mineral for bone and connective tissue health, the scientific evidence for its more dramatic health claims, such as detoxification and improved digestion, is currently limited and based largely on anecdotal reports or indirect evidence. Potential users must exercise extreme caution to use only the food-grade variety and take proper precautions to avoid inhalation. A healthy, balanced diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables remains the most proven path to good nutrition and detoxification, a process the body naturally manages with a healthy liver and kidneys. For those interested in improving their health, speaking with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement is the safest course of action.
For authoritative information on pesticides and related substances, visit the National Pesticide Information Center.
