How much sodium metabisulfite is allowed in food? A guide to regulations

December 23, 2025 •

2 min read

According to the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for sulfites, including sodium metabisulfite, is 0.7 mg/kg of body weight. Understanding how much sodium metabisulfite is allowed in food is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.

Quick Summary

International and national food authorities set maximum levels for sodium metabisulfite in various foods to protect consumers, especially those sensitive to sulfites. Limits vary by product, and labeling is required for concentrations above 10 mg/kg or 10 ppm.

Key Points

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI): The JECFA has set a group ADI for sulfites, including sodium metabisulfite, at 0.7 mg of SO2 equivalent per kg of body weight.
Variable Maximum Levels (MPLs): Maximum permitted levels vary widely by food category, from as low as 15 mg/kg in powdered sugar to as high as 1000 mg/kg in some dried fruits, based on global standards.
10 ppm Labeling Threshold: Regulations in the US and EU require mandatory labeling of sulfites, including sodium metabisulfite, if the concentration in the final product is 10 parts per million (ppm) or more.
US FDA Restrictions: The FDA prohibits the use of sulfites in meat and fresh produce, as well as foods that serve as a source of vitamin B1, which sulfites can destroy.
Hypersensitivity Concerns: Sulfites can trigger allergy-like reactions and respiratory issues in sensitive individuals, particularly asthmatics, which is the main reason for strict labeling.
EU Safety Re-evaluation: The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) continues to re-evaluate the safety of sulfites due to potential concerns and data gaps, prompting closer monitoring of intake levels.
Processing vs. Final Product Levels: The concentration of sulfites can be affected by food processing methods and storage, with levels often decreasing over time.
Food vs. Industrial Grade: Sodium metabisulfite must meet strict purity standards for food-grade use, which differ significantly from industrial-grade applications.

Understanding Sodium Metabisulfite Regulations

Sodium metabisulfite (E223) is a widely used food additive recognized for its antioxidant and preservative properties. It is used to prevent enzymatic browning and extend shelf life. Strict regulations are in place due to potential adverse reactions in sensitive individuals.

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), established by JECFA, represents a level of daily intake considered safe over a lifetime. JECFA has set a group ADI for sulfites, including sodium metabisulfite, at 0.7 mg of SO2 equivalent per kilogram of body weight.

Maximum Permitted Levels (MPLs) by Food Type

Regulatory bodies define Maximum Permitted Levels (MPLs) for sulfites across various food categories. These limits, expressed in mg/kg or ppm, vary depending on the food and the additive's role, and manufacturers must adhere to them.

Comparing sulfite regulations: JECFA (Global) vs. EU (EFSA)


Food Category	JECFA/CODEX (GSFA) MPL (mg/kg)	EFSA EU (E223) MPL (mg/kg)	Key Differences
Dried Fruit	1000	Up to 2000 (specific fruits)	Levels can differ based on regional assessments and food type nuances.
Grape Wines (White/Rosé)	350	200	EU standard is generally lower for specific wine types.
Beer and Malt Beverages	50	50	Often consistent due to long-standing use and controlled application.
Crackers/Biscuits	50	Max 50 (China, for reference)	Varies by regulation, but generally limited. BAKERpedia references US use up to 0.08% (800 ppm) based on flour weight.
Concentrates (Juice)	50	50	Generally aligns with standard practice for preservative use.
Peeled, Cut Fresh Veggies	50	Varies based on preparation	Limits are in place for pre-prepared fresh items to prevent browning.

Note: MPLs are expressed as SO2. Specific regulations should always be verified with the latest national guidelines.

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidelines

In the United States, the FDA generally recognizes sulfites as safe (GRAS), but prohibits their use in meats, fresh produce, and foods that are significant sources of thiamine (vitamin B1). The FDA requires labeling for any finished product containing 10 ppm (mg/kg) or more of sulfites to protect sensitive individuals.

Labeling and Allergen Information

Labeling is mandatory when sulfite concentrations exceed 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/L. This is vital for consumers with sulfite sensitivity, who may experience symptoms. The labeling rule applies even if the sulfites originate from an ingredient of an ingredient.

The Importance of Adherence

Adhering to MPLs is crucial for public health and maintaining consumer trust. Inaccurate measurement or failure to label can result in recalls and adverse health effects for sensitive consumers. Regulations aim to balance preservative benefits with health protection.

Conclusion

The allowed amount of sodium metabisulfite in food is governed by international and national regulations specific to food type. While ADI guidelines exist, maximum levels vary by product. Mandatory labeling for sulfites over 10 ppm helps consumers make informed choices. Manufacturers must ensure precise dosing and accurate labeling for compliance and safety.

Frequently Asked Questions

The primary reason for regulating sodium metabisulfite is to protect consumers who have a sensitivity or intolerance to sulfites. For many individuals, especially asthmatics, consuming sulfites can trigger adverse reactions ranging from hives to severe breathing problems.

No, it must be declared if the concentration in the final product is 10 mg/kg (10 ppm) or greater. If the levels are below this threshold, labeling is not required by law in many regions, including the US and EU, though manufacturers may voluntarily include a precautionary statement.

Yes. The US FDA prohibits the use of sulfites, including sodium metabisulfite, in meat and fresh produce (except potatoes). It is also banned in foods that are important sources of thiamine (vitamin B1), as sulfites can destroy this vitamin.

No, E223 is the food additive code number used in the European Union and other countries to identify sodium metabisulfite. It is simply another name for the same chemical compound when used as a food additive.

Regulations ensure consumer safety by setting a maximum daily intake limit, establishing specific maximum permitted levels (MPLs) for different food categories, and mandating clear labeling for sulfites present above 10 ppm. These measures help sensitive consumers avoid harmful exposure.

If a food product is found to contain undeclared sulfites at levels exceeding 10 ppm, it is subject to potential recall actions by regulatory bodies like the FDA. Recalls are categorized based on the severity of the potential health consequences.

Not necessarily. For example, some dried fruits can have maximum permitted levels as high as 1000 mg/kg according to CODEX standards, whereas some wines have significantly lower MPLs, such as 200 mg/kg in the EU.