What Exactly Is MGO in Manuka Honey?
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a naturally occurring compound responsible for Manuka honey's potent and stable antibacterial activity. It is formed from dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a precursor found in the nectar of the Manuka flower (Leptospermum scoparium). This conversion from DHA to MGO happens naturally in the honey over time, which is why authentic Manuka honey is often stored for a period to allow its MGO levels to mature.
While all honey has some antibacterial properties, primarily from hydrogen peroxide, Manuka's MGO provides a distinct advantage. This mechanism, known as non-peroxide activity (NPA), means its antibacterial strength is more resilient and reliable than that of regular honey, making it effective even in environments where hydrogen peroxide breaks down. MGO levels are tested and certified by independent laboratories, and the rating (e.g., MGO 550+) indicates the concentration in milligrams per kilogram of honey. The higher the number, the greater the concentration of MGO and the more potent the antibacterial effect.
The Health Benefits of High MGO Honey
The elevated MGO content in high-grade Manuka honey is associated with a range of therapeutic benefits that are more pronounced than in lower-grade or regular honey. These are primarily derived from its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
Specific Health Applications
- Wound and Skin Healing: High MGO Manuka honey is clinically used for its ability to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and promote faster healing in wounds, burns, ulcers, and skin infections. The honey creates a moist, protective barrier and draws moisture from the wound, inhibiting bacterial growth.
- Digestive Wellness: It has shown promise in helping to balance gut bacteria and is studied for its potential to combat harmful bacteria like H. pylori, which is associated with stomach ulcers. The prebiotic effects can support a healthier gut microbiome.
- Immune System Support: The antimicrobial effects of high MGO honey help fight bacterial and viral infections, making it a popular choice during cold and flu seasons. Its anti-inflammatory properties can also help reduce the severity of symptoms.
- Oral Health: MGO honey has been found to help reduce plaque and gingivitis and soothe mouth ulcers when used in oral care routines.
High MGO Manuka Honey vs. Regular Honey: A Comparison
To understand the value of high MGO Manuka, it's helpful to compare it directly with standard honey varieties.
| Feature | High MGO Manuka Honey | Regular Raw Honey |
|---|---|---|
| MGO Content | Significantly higher (up to 100x), certified. | Minimal, not a primary antibacterial factor. |
| Antibacterial Stability | High. MGO provides stable, non-peroxide activity. | Lower. Activity is peroxide-based and less stable. |
| Therapeutic Potency | Strong, increasing with MGO rating, used medicinally. | Variable and less potent, used for general wellness. |
| Common Usage | Targeted medicinal use for specific ailments (e.g., wounds, infections). | Everyday consumption, general wellness, sweetener. |
| Cost | Generally more expensive due to rarity, certification, and processing. | More affordable and widely available. |
Potential Risks and Considerations
While highly beneficial for many, high MGO honey is not without considerations. Its consumption should be approached with caution by certain individuals.
- High Sugar Content: Like all honey, Manuka is high in sugar. This means people with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels carefully when consuming it.
- Not for Infants: Honey should never be given to infants under 12 months of age due to the risk of infant botulism.
- Allergic Reactions: Individuals with known allergies to bees or pollen should exercise caution, as they may have an allergic reaction to Manuka honey.
- Potential AGEs Formation: Some scientific studies raise concerns that high concentrations of MGO in isolation can contribute to the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), which have been linked to chronic diseases. However, it's important to note that a 2010 clinical trial showed Manuka honey consumption at tested levels was safe, and the complex composition of honey may mitigate these effects. For more information, see research on Manuka honey and MGO effectiveness from the National Institutes of Health(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.nih.gov/articles/PMC6613335/).
How to Choose the Right MGO Strength
Choosing the correct MGO strength is crucial for achieving desired results. The higher the number, the more potent and typically more expensive the honey. Your choice should depend on your specific needs:
- Everyday Wellness (MGO 30+ to 250+): Ideal for daily immune maintenance, as a natural sweetener, or for general well-being. It's a great entry point for those new to Manuka honey.
- Targeted Support (MGO 400+ to 800+): Suitable for supporting the immune system during seasonal colds and for addressing more specific issues like persistent sore throats or digestive problems.
- Premium Therapeutic Use (MGO 850+ and Above): Reserved for advanced support, such as promoting the healing of stubborn wounds or for more complex health issues. This is often the grade used in clinical settings or for intense therapeutic purposes.
Conclusion: Is High MGO Honey Right for You?
High MGO Manuka honey is not just a food but a potent natural product with proven medicinal properties due to its high concentration of Methylglyoxal. Its superior and stable antibacterial activity makes it an excellent choice for targeted health applications, from wound care to digestive support. However, its effectiveness is concentration-dependent, and users must select an MGO strength appropriate for their needs. While generally safe for most, individuals with specific health conditions like diabetes should consult a healthcare provider. When purchasing, look for independent certification to ensure authenticity and verify the MGO rating. For those seeking a powerful and natural remedy for specific ailments, high MGO Manuka honey is a worthwhile consideration, but for daily, non-medicinal use, a lower MGO grade or regular honey may suffice.
