Is Preservative E223 Safe for Everyone? A Comprehensive Safety Guide

January 7, 2026 •

2 min read

Recent regulatory scrutiny from bodies like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) highlights that while E223 (sodium metabisulfite) is a permitted additive, its acceptable daily intake is under review, with current consumption levels potentially a concern for some populations. This places renewed importance on understanding: is preservative E223 safe?

Quick Summary

An examination of preservative E223 (sodium metabisulfite), detailing its function as a food additive and its safety profile. Focuses on potential risks for sulfite-sensitive individuals, including asthma triggers and allergic reactions. Explains regulatory actions and who should be cautious with this common ingredient.

Key Points

Sulfite Sensitivity: E223 is a sulfite and can trigger allergic and asthma-like reactions in sensitive individuals.
Asthma Risk: People with asthma are at a higher risk of experiencing respiratory symptoms like wheezing and chest tightness from E223 exposure.
Regulatory Scrutiny: The EFSA has noted insufficient data on sulfites and withdrew the temporary acceptable daily intake, citing potential safety concerns over exposure levels.
Food Labeling: Clear labeling is required for products containing more than 10 mg/kg of sulfites, helping sensitive consumers avoid them.
Nutrient Loss: E223 can cause the degradation of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) in treated foods, a consideration for frequent consumers.
Common in Foods: E223 is widely used as a preservative and antioxidant in products such as wine, dried fruits, and processed potatoes.
Pure Form Hazard: In its concentrated powder form, E223 is corrosive and hazardous if ingested or inhaled.

What is Preservative E223?

Preservative E223, known as sodium metabisulfite, is a synthetic food additive used as an antioxidant and preservative. It's a white to yellowish powder with a sulfur odor, releasing sulfur dioxide (SO2) to prevent spoilage and browning in foods.

Common Food and Drink Products Containing E223

E223 is found in a variety of products to extend shelf life and maintain quality.

Wine and Beer: Inhibits bacteria and oxidation.
Dried Fruits: Prevents browning.
Processed Potatoes: Stops discoloration.
Seafood: Used in crustaceans.
Fruit Juices: Stabilizes color and prevents fermentation.
Baked Goods: Functions as a dough conditioner.

Potential Health Risks of E223

While generally safe for most, E223 poses risks for sensitive individuals, primarily due to sulfite sensitivity.

The Dangers of Sulfite Sensitivity

Sulfites like E223 can trigger adverse reactions in some people. Those with asthma are particularly susceptible, with sulfites potentially causing or worsening symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. Other reactions can include hives, rashes, swelling, and gastrointestinal issues. Anaphylaxis is extremely rare but possible.

Regulatory Actions and Reassessment

Regulatory bodies like the EFSA have reviewed sulfites. In 2022, the EFSA withdrew the temporary Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for sulfites (E220-E228) due to insufficient data and concerns over consumption levels, particularly in certain populations, suggesting a need for revised standards.

Nutrient Degradation

E223 can degrade Vitamin B1 (thiamine) due to its oxidative properties. Frequent consumption of high-sulfite foods might be a concern for B1 levels.

How to Manage Exposure to E223

Clear food labeling is crucial for sensitive individuals to avoid E223. Products with over 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/L of sulfites must declare them on the label as "sodium metabisulfite," "E223," or similar terms. Those with sensitivities often need to avoid the entire sulfite range (E220-E228).

Conclusion: Making Informed Choices About E223

Preservative E223 is safe for the general population within regulated limits. However, for individuals with asthma or sulfite sensitivities, it presents potential health risks, ranging from respiratory issues to allergic reactions. Regulatory reviews highlight the need for continued monitoring and data. Consumers should be aware, read labels, and consider personal sensitivities, especially those with known intolerance or asthma, for whom avoidance is recommended.

Comparison: Sulfite Reactions and Management


Feature	Sulfite Sensitivity	True Allergic Reaction
Mechanism	Not an immune-mediated allergy; often linked to respiratory issues or intolerance.	IgE-mediated immune response to a protein.
Onset	Can be immediate or delayed, and is often dose-dependent.	Typically rapid, occurring minutes to an hour after exposure.
Symptoms	Wheezing, chest tightness, hives, skin rashes, gastrointestinal issues.	Classic allergic symptoms, including hives, swelling, wheezing, and potential anaphylaxis.
Key Risk Group	Predominantly individuals with asthma.	Smaller group with specific IgE antibodies.
Management	Careful avoidance of sulfite-containing products, especially for asthmatics.	Total avoidance of the triggering substance; carrying an EpiPen for anaphylaxis.

Authoritative Link

For the latest scientific assessment from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on sulfites, including E223, please refer to their official publication here: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/7097

Frequently Asked Questions

Preservative E223 is sodium metabisulfite, a synthetic compound used in the food industry as an antioxidant and preservative to prevent discoloration and microbial growth.

Individuals with sulfite sensitivity or asthma should avoid E223, as it can trigger allergic reactions and respiratory issues. People with a compromised kidney function should also be cautious.

Common side effects in sensitive individuals include skin rashes, hives, headaches, and respiratory problems like wheezing. Higher intake may also lead to gastrointestinal issues.

No, E223 is one specific type of sulfite, sodium metabisulfite. There are other sulfite food additives (E220-E228), and individuals sensitive to E223 are often sensitive to others as well.

Food labels must declare sulfites if the concentration exceeds 10 mg/kg or 10 mg/L in the finished product. Look for "sodium metabisulfite" or the E-number "E223" on the ingredient list.

For the majority of the population, E223 is safe in regulated amounts and is highly effective at preventing food spoilage. Its benefits in preserving food and preventing waste are significant.

Yes, E223 has an oxidizing effect that can reduce the content of certain vitamins, most notably vitamin B1 (thiamine).

The EFSA withdrew the temporary Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for E223 in 2022 due to insufficient data, noting that consumption levels in some populations are concerning. This prompts a revision of usage standards.