Understanding MGO: The Science Behind the Rating
Methylglyoxal, or MGO, is a naturally occurring compound that gives genuine Manuka honey its potent and stable antibacterial properties. Unlike the hydrogen peroxide activity found in most other types of honey, MGO remains effective even after being exposed to heat or diluted. This unique characteristic is what makes Manuka honey so highly sought after for its potential therapeutic benefits. The concentration of MGO in a jar is a key indicator of its potency and is measured in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).
MGO is formed over time from dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a compound found in the nectar of the native Manuka tea tree. The level of MGO a honey will reach depends on several factors, including the DHA content of the nectar, the maturity of the honey, and how it is processed and stored. When Manuka honey is freshly harvested, its MGO content is relatively low. During maturation, the DHA gradually converts into MGO, increasing the honey's potency over time. This is why premium Manuka honey is aged for up to two years to reach its peak potency.
How Different MGO Grades Serve Different Needs
Choosing the right MGO rating is a crucial decision that depends entirely on your intended use. A higher number is not always necessary and can be overkill (and more expensive) for simple daily wellness applications. Conversely, relying on a low-grade honey for a serious topical issue will yield less-than-desired results.
Daily Wellness and General Use (MGO 30+ to 250+)
For those looking for a daily health supplement, a lower to mid-range MGO honey is often sufficient. These grades are excellent for adding to food or drinks and provide a general immune boost. Uses include:
- Sweetening tea or coffee
- Drizzling over breakfast foods like toast or oatmeal
- Enjoying a spoonful daily for general gut and immune support
- Acting as a natural sugar replacement in baking or cooking
Therapeutic and Targeted Support (MGO 300+ and above)
For more specific health concerns, a higher MGO rating is recommended for its increased antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. These higher grades are typically reserved for a more concentrated application. Examples include:
- Soothing sore throats and persistent coughs
- Providing digestive support for issues like indigestion
- Topical application for minor cuts, burns, or skin blemishes
- Using as a face mask for acne or skin inflammation
- Applying to wounds or burns for antibacterial and healing properties
The MGO vs. UMF Debate: Which Rating is Right?
When buying Manuka honey, you may encounter both MGO and UMF ratings. It's important to understand the difference to make an informed choice.
- MGO: This is a direct, quantifiable measurement of the methylglyoxal content in the honey, expressed in mg/kg. It is a straightforward indicator of antibacterial strength.
- UMF (Unique Manuka Factor): This is a more comprehensive quality assurance system managed by the UMF Honey Association in New Zealand. UMF certification verifies the presence of three signature compounds (including MGO) and guarantees the honey's authenticity, potency, and freshness.
Essentially, an MGO rating tells you about one key component, while a UMF rating offers a broader, independently verified stamp of approval that covers multiple quality markers. A higher UMF rating is roughly equivalent to a higher MGO rating, but UMF provides greater assurance of overall quality. For example, UMF 10+ is roughly equivalent to MGO 263+.
MGO Grades, Uses, and Properties Comparison
| MGO Grade | Recommended Use | Taste Profile | Cost Consideration |
|---|---|---|---|
| MGO 100+ | Everyday wellness, natural sweetener, general immunity support | Mild, sweet honey flavor with a subtle Manuka nuance | Most budget-friendly for regular use |
| MGO 300+ | Moderate support during winter, enhanced immunity boost, minor topical applications | Richer, more intense Manuka flavor, earthy notes begin to emerge | Mid-range price point for added benefits |
| MGO 500+ | High-strength support for digestive health, more pronounced antibacterial effects | Strong, robust, and often slightly medicinal or bittersweet taste | Higher price reflects increased potency |
| MGO 850+ | Targeted medicinal use, wound care, skin conditions, and oral health | Very potent, intense flavor profile; best for targeted application rather than daily consumption | Premium cost due to rarity and high potency |
| MGO 1000+ | Superior strength for acute conditions, specific digestive or wound concerns | Extremely potent and concentrated, typically taken straight from the spoon | Rare and expensive due to high MGO concentration |
Potential Considerations and Risks
While Manuka honey is widely regarded as safe, there are some considerations, especially with high MGO levels. One of the major concerns revolves around a class of compounds called advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are formed by the reaction of MGO with proteins. Some studies have linked excessive MGO and AGE accumulation to chronic inflammatory diseases, insulin resistance, and vascular complications.
For individuals with diabetes, this is particularly relevant. Research has shown that MGO can be toxic to cells in high concentrations and could potentially interfere with the healing process of diabetic ulcers, a condition Manuka honey is often used to treat. Therefore, individuals with diabetes should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before using high-MGO Manuka honey for therapeutic purposes. It is also not recommended to give honey to infants under 12 months due to the risk of botulism spores.
Finally, the high price of very potent Manuka honey, driven by its rarity and high production costs, should be weighed against your intended use. If a lower MGO grade is sufficient for your needs, there is no reason to pay a premium for a higher one.
Conclusion: Matching Potency to Purpose
In summary, the notion that 'is the higher the MGO the better' is an oversimplification. The optimal MGO rating for you depends on your specific health goals and budget. Higher MGO grades certainly offer more potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, making them suitable for targeted therapeutic applications, while lower grades are perfect for general daily wellness at a more affordable price. It is critical to understand the distinction and choose a honey that matches the intended purpose, ensuring you get the most out of this powerful natural product. Always verify authenticity by looking for independent certifications like UMF alongside the MGO rating to ensure purity and potency. By matching potency to purpose, you can confidently select the right Manuka honey for your needs and budget.
For further reading on Manuka honey and MGO, you can explore the information provided by the UMF Honey Association [https://www.umf.org.nz/].
