Higher Saturated Fat and Cholesterol
One of the most notable drawbacks of the Atlantic diet, when compared to the Mediterranean diet, is its higher allowance of red and processed meats, alongside a moderate intake of dairy products. This dietary pattern, originating in northern Spain and Portugal, traditionally includes items like chorizo and cured ham. These foods can significantly increase the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, raising potential health concerns for some individuals. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet primarily favors leaner protein sources like fish and poultry. The higher saturated fat content can be a particular concern for individuals already predisposed to heart disease or those with high cholesterol.
Health Risks Associated with Red and Processed Meats
Multiple studies have shown a strong association between high consumption of red and processed meats and an increased risk of chronic diseases. For instance, Harvard researchers noted that higher consumption of red meat is linked to an elevated risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Processed meats, which are popular in the traditional Atlantic diet, also come with their own set of health warnings, often being high in sodium and saturated fat. While the Atlantic diet has shown benefits in reducing metabolic syndrome risk, experts caution that the inclusion of substantial red meat and pork may offset some of the positive effects derived from its plant-based and seafood components.
Accessibility and Cost Barriers
The Atlantic diet emphasizes fresh, locally sourced ingredients, which can be a significant barrier for many people outside of its native coastal regions. Adherents to this diet may find it difficult and expensive to regularly access the fresh fish and locally farmed produce that form the core of the plan. For instance, someone living in a landlocked area may have to rely on more expensive frozen fish rather than fresh catches, impacting both the authenticity and affordability of the diet. A study published in The Conversation noted that the costs involved in a real-world setting could make the diet less sustainable for many.
Environmental Impact
While often compared favorably to typical Western diets, the Atlantic diet is not without its environmental drawbacks, particularly due to its reliance on meat and seafood. The high intake of red meat and dairy contributes to a larger carbon footprint compared to more plant-based diets. Additionally, the high consumption of seafood puts added pressure on already overfished marine ecosystems. For example, cod stocks, a key component of the Atlantic diet, are severely depleted in many areas. A wider adoption of the Atlantic diet would require careful attention to sourcing sustainable seafood to avoid further ecological damage.
Sodium Intake from Traditional Preparation
Some traditional culinary practices within the Atlantic diet can lead to a higher intake of sodium. While the diet promotes whole foods, the preparation of certain processed meats, stews, and cured fish can be high in salt. This is particularly concerning for individuals with high blood pressure or those who need to monitor their sodium intake closely. While the diet's emphasis on fresh vegetables can be beneficial, the high sodium content of certain traditional staples must be considered.
Comparison: Atlantic Diet vs. Mediterranean Diet
| Feature | Atlantic Diet | Mediterranean Diet |
|---|---|---|
| Saturated Fat | Potentially higher due to more red meat and dairy | Lower, with less emphasis on red meat and dairy |
| Red Meat Intake | Moderate; includes red meat and pork products | Limited; typically consumed sparingly |
| Primary Carbs | Higher intake of starchy carbs like potatoes and bread | Higher focus on whole grains, legumes, and pasta |
| Dairy | Moderate consumption is acceptable | Limited to moderate amounts, mainly yogurt and cheese |
| Cost/Accessibility | Potentially expensive and less accessible outside coastal regions | Widely accessible and adaptable with local products |
| Environmental Footprint | Higher due to red meat and seafood consumption | Generally lower, especially when prioritizing plant-based proteins |
For Whom is the Atlantic Diet Not Suitable?
- Individuals with seafood allergies.
- Those with heart conditions or high cholesterol who need to strictly limit saturated fat.
- People with a limited budget who cannot afford fresh, sustainably sourced seafood and local products.
- Anyone who dislikes seafood or wants a largely plant-based diet.
- Those with health conditions sensitive to high sodium levels.
- Environmentally conscious individuals who want to minimize their carbon and ecological footprint.
Conclusion: A Balanced View
While the Atlantic diet shares many healthy elements with its Mediterranean counterpart, particularly its emphasis on vegetables, whole foods, and olive oil, its unique characteristics present several disadvantages. The higher allowance for red meat, processed meats, and dairy can lead to elevated saturated fat and associated health risks, a fact that should not be overlooked. Furthermore, the diet's reliance on fresh, local ingredients presents significant accessibility, cost, and environmental challenges for many. For these reasons, the Atlantic diet is not a one-size-fits-all solution and requires careful consideration of individual health needs, budget, and ethical concerns. Those interested in this pattern may consider a modified approach that limits red meat and dairy while prioritizing plant-based foods and sustainably sourced fish.
Visit the JAMA Network website to read the 2024 study on the Atlantic diet.
