The FDA's Informal Stance on 'Natural'
While consumers often associate the word 'natural' with wholesome, unprocessed food, its use on packaging is far from a guarantee of health or purity. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees most food labeling and has a longstanding policy regarding the term but no formal definition. Their informal guidance suggests 'natural' means nothing artificial or synthetic (including color additives) has been included in or added to a food that would not normally be expected to be there.
What the 'Natural' Label Does NOT Address
This informal policy has significant limitations. The FDA's guidance on 'natural' does not address food production methods, including the use of pesticides or growth hormones. It also does not cover food processing methods or nutritional quality, and the term doesn't indicate if a food contains GMOs.
The USDA's Approach to 'Natural' Meat and Poultry
Regulation of 'natural' labeling is split between the FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has a slightly more defined standard for meat, poultry, and egg products.
For these products, 'natural' can be used if they contain no artificial flavor, coloring, or chemical preservative, are only minimally processed, and include a statement explaining the term. However, even with these clearer rules, the USDA's 'natural' label does not address how the animal was raised, including the use of antibiotics or growth hormones.
Natural vs. Organic: A Crucial Comparison
Mistaking 'natural' for 'organic' is a common source of consumer confusion. Their regulatory frameworks are vastly different. Understanding these differences is key.
Comparison of 'Natural' and 'Organic' Food Labels
| Feature | 'Natural' Label | 'Organic' Label |
|---|---|---|
| Regulation | Loosely defined by FDA policy; regulated by USDA for meat/poultry. | Strictly regulated by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP). |
| Certification | No official third-party certification program exists. | Products must be certified by a USDA-accredited agent. |
| Artificial Ingredients | No artificial colors, flavors, or synthetic substances are allowed in FDA's policy. | Prohibits synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, and antibiotics. |
| Processing | Generally, minimally processed. | Allows for minimal processing, with specific regulations for handling. |
| Production Methods | Does not regulate farm practices, including pesticide use. | Includes strict standards for farm practices, soil health, and animal welfare. |
| GMOs | May contain GMOs; not regulated by the 'natural' policy. | Prohibits the use of genetically modified organisms. |
The Problem with 'Natural Flavors'
The term 'natural flavors' is also confusing. The FDA defines it as derived from a natural source like spices, fruits, or meat, but the process can involve synthetic solvents and chemicals. The original source is not always what's expected; a 'natural beef flavor' might come from a plant source.
The Consumer's Action Plan
Given the lack of a legal definition for 'natural', consumers must be educated shoppers. Instead of relying on the word 'natural', it is more effective to read the ingredient list, check nutrition facts, look for regulated labels like "USDA Organic" for specific attributes, and prioritize buying whole, minimally processed foods.
Conclusion: Beyond the 'Natural' Label
The term 'natural' on a food label is a classic example of marketing outpacing regulation. The lack of a formal FDA definition means it doesn't guarantee a product is free from pesticides, GMOs, or extensive processing. Understanding regulated criteria for labels like 'organic' and reading ingredient lists helps consumers make informed decisions beyond the misleading 'natural' health halo.
For more information on the FDA's stance and requests for public comment regarding 'natural' claims, you can visit the {Link: FDA's website https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/use-term-natural-food-labeling}.
