The question of what is a vegetarian that eats chicken called is a common point of confusion. The truth is, a person who consumes chicken, or any animal flesh, is not a true vegetarian. The correct term for this specific dietary pattern is pollotarianism, a form of semi-vegetarianism that excludes red meat and pork but includes poultry. This article will delve into the details of this and other related dietary choices to provide clarity.
The Definition of Pollotarianism
Derived from the Spanish word for chicken, "pollo," a pollotarian is a person who eats poultry while abstaining from all other forms of meat, including red meat and pork. This choice can be motivated by a number of factors, such as health benefits, environmental concerns, or as a transitional step toward a more plant-based diet. It is a dietary style that emphasizes plant-based foods, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes, with the addition of chicken or other fowl. It is important to distinguish this from true vegetarianism, which strictly excludes all meat, including poultry.
Understanding Semi-Vegetarianism and Related Diets
Pollotarianism falls under the broader umbrella of semi-vegetarianism or flexitarianism. These terms describe dietary approaches that are primarily plant-based but allow for the occasional or selective inclusion of meat or other animal products. This flexibility makes them appealing to many people who want to reduce their meat consumption without committing to the strict rules of vegetarianism or veganism. Here is a breakdown of some related dietary patterns:
- Pollotarian: Includes plant-based foods, dairy (optional), eggs (optional), and poultry (like chicken, turkey, and duck). Excludes red meat, pork, fish, and seafood.
- Pescatarian: Includes plant-based foods, dairy (optional), eggs (optional), and fish/seafood. Excludes all land animal meat, including poultry and red meat.
- Flexitarian: Includes plant-based foods as a primary focus, with occasional, moderate consumption of any meat, fish, or poultry. Often referred to as "casual vegetarianism".
- Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian: The most common form of vegetarianism. Excludes all meat, fish, and poultry but includes dairy products (lacto) and eggs (ovo).
Comparison of Dietary Patterns
| Dietary Pattern | Poultry | Red Meat | Fish & Seafood | Dairy & Eggs | Primary Focus | Examples | Motivation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pollotarian | Yes | No | No | Optional | Plant-based foods + Poultry | Chicken stir-fry, turkey burgers | Health, environment, ethical (non-mammal), transition |
| Pescatarian | No | No | Yes | Optional | Plant-based foods + Seafood | Salmon salad, shrimp tacos | Health (omega-3s), environment, ethical (land animals) |
| Flexitarian | Occasional | Occasional | Occasional | Yes | Plant-based foods, with moderation | Meatless Mondays, small meat portions | Health, sustainability, reducing meat intake |
| Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian | No | No | No | Yes | Plant-based foods, dairy, eggs | Mac and cheese, omelets, vegetable curries | Ethical, environmental, health, religion |
| Vegan | No | No | No | No | Plant-based foods only | Tofu scrambles, lentil soup | Ethical, environmental, health, lifestyle |
Benefits and Considerations of a Pollotarian Diet
Many people choose to become pollotarian for the perceived health benefits associated with reducing red meat intake. Studies have indicated that replacing red meat with poultry or plant-based foods can reduce the risk of certain cancers and type 2 diabetes. The diet's emphasis on nutrient-dense plant foods can also lead to higher fiber intake, better metabolic health, and potentially aid in weight management.
However, there are nutritional considerations to keep in mind. While pollotarianism is less restrictive than a vegan or vegetarian diet, care must still be taken to ensure adequate nutrient intake. Deficiencies in nutrients like vitamin B12, iron, and zinc can occur if the diet is not well-planned. While poultry provides some of these nutrients, a pollotarian may still need to focus on including fortified foods or supplements, especially for vitamin B12, which is only found in animal products.
How to Transition to a Pollotarian Lifestyle
For those considering this dietary approach, a gradual transition can be the most effective strategy.
- Start with "Meatless Mondays": Designate one or two days a week to go completely meatless, focusing on plant-based proteins like beans, lentils, and tofu.
- Increase plant-based meals: Experiment with new recipes that are naturally plant-focused, reducing your reliance on poultry as the main protein.
- Choose high-quality poultry: When you do eat poultry, opt for lean cuts and consider choosing free-range or organic options to align with ethical or environmental motivations.
- Embrace variety: Don't just focus on chicken. Experiment with other fowl, like turkey, and explore different preparation methods.
Conclusion
In conclusion, a vegetarian who eats chicken is technically called a pollotarian, a dietary choice that falls within the broader category of semi-vegetarianism or flexitarianism. This dietary pattern offers a compromise for those who wish to reduce their meat intake for health, environmental, or ethical reasons without fully eliminating all animal products. By focusing on a plant-rich diet and strategically including poultry, individuals can enjoy the benefits of a healthier eating style. Understanding these precise terms not only provides clarity but also validates the personal and health-conscious choices people make regarding their food. For more information, the Cleveland Clinic offers an excellent overview of the flexitarian diet and its benefits.
