What is butterfly pea and where is it from?
Butterfly pea, scientifically known as Clitoria ternatea, is a perennial herbaceous plant native to tropical equatorial Asia. The plant is a fast-growing, trailing vine from the Fabaceae family, which also includes legumes like peas and beans. It is cultivated widely in Southeast Asia, notably in Thailand and Vietnam, for its striking deep blue flowers. These vibrant blooms are the source of its fame, containing high amounts of anthocyanins, the antioxidant pigments responsible for its distinctive color.
The many uses of butterfly pea
From ancient traditional practices to modern culinary and wellness trends, the butterfly pea flower's uses are remarkably diverse. Its primary appeal lies in its stunning natural color and the magical, pH-dependent transformation it undergoes.
Culinary applications
In the culinary world, butterfly pea is predominantly used as a natural, edible colorant. When steeped in water, the dried flowers release a vibrant blue hue with a mild, earthy, and sometimes slightly woody flavor, which is often enhanced with other ingredients.
Common food and drink items incorporating butterfly pea:
- Teas and beverages: The most popular use is in herbal tea, often called "blue tea". Adding lemon or lime juice changes the tea's pH level, transforming its color from blue to purple or violet. This is a beloved feature in both hot and iced drinks.
- Cocktails and mocktails: Bartenders use butterfly pea extract or tea to create color-changing alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. The visual effect of adding an acidic mixer, like tonic water, is a major draw.
- Rice dishes: In Malaysian and Thai cuisines, the flower extract is used to color rice, such as in the Malaysian breakfast dish nasi kerabu, giving it a signature bluish tint.
- Desserts and baked goods: Pastries, cakes, and other desserts are colored with butterfly pea powder or extract for a visually stunning finish.
- Lattes and smoothies: Butterfly pea powder is mixed into milk-based drinks for beautiful blue or purple lattes.
- Ice cubes: Freezing butterfly pea tea into ice cubes adds a unique visual element to any drink as the ice melts.
Traditional and modern medicine
For centuries, butterfly pea has been an integral part of traditional medicine, particularly Ayurveda. It is valued for a variety of potential health benefits, although modern scientific research is still ongoing, and many studies have been conducted on animals.
Commonly cited medicinal properties include:
- Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory: The high concentration of anthocyanins and flavonoids helps combat free radicals and inflammation, which are linked to various chronic diseases.
- Nootropic properties: In Ayurvedic medicine, it's considered a "brain tonic" that may help with cognitive functions like memory and focus.
- Anxiolytic effects: Traditionally, it's used as a calming agent to help reduce stress and anxiety.
- Blood sugar regulation: Some studies suggest it can help regulate blood sugar levels by inhibiting glucose absorption, though human research is limited.
- Digestive aid: It has historically been used as a mild laxative and diuretic to aid digestion and promote detoxification.
Cosmetics and skincare
The flower's antioxidant-rich properties extend its applications to the beauty industry, with topical uses for skin and hair health.
Beauty and wellness applications:
- Skin health: Antioxidants in the extract may help stimulate collagen and elastin production, which can improve skin elasticity and hydration. Its anti-inflammatory properties can also help soothe irritated skin.
- Hair care: The flavonoid anthocyanin is believed to increase blood flow to the scalp, which may strengthen hair follicles and promote hair growth.
Other applications
Beyond food, drink, and wellness, butterfly pea has historically been used as a dye. The vibrant blue liquid can be used to color natural fibers, a practice that continues in some parts of Asia.
Comparison of butterfly pea preparations
| Preparation | Culinary Use | Appearance | Flavor Profile | Ease of Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dried Flowers | Teas, infusions, cocktails | Creates deep blue liquid; changes color with acid. | Earthy, mild; flavor comes from added ingredients. | Requires steeping and straining. |
| Powder | Lattes, smoothies, baking | Versatile for coloring food and drinks; color-changes with acid. | Neutral taste, doesn't impact food flavor. | Easy to mix, no straining needed. |
| Extract | Cocktails, liquid colorant | Highly concentrated for intense, vibrant color. | Can have a more concentrated flavor; used in small amounts. | Drops added directly, precise control. |
Conclusion: A versatile and vibrant botanical
Whether you’re seeking a visually captivating beverage, a natural food colorant for a striking dish, or a potential wellness boost, butterfly pea flower offers a unique and versatile option. Its deep roots in Southeast Asian cuisine and traditional Ayurvedic medicine speak to its long-held esteem. The flower's natural ability to change color based on pH levels is a captivating feature that makes it a popular ingredient for culinary creativity, from simple teas to elaborate cocktails. As research continues to explore its full range of potential health benefits, its reputation as a functional and beautiful botanical continues to grow.
Disclaimer: The information in this article is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any health-related decisions.
Frequently asked questions
What does butterfly pea taste like?
Butterfly pea flower has a very mild, earthy, and slightly woody flavor, which is not strong and often compared to a fine green tea. Its mildness allows it to be combined with stronger flavors like lemon, honey, or ginger without overpowering them.
Why does butterfly pea change color?
The color change is a result of the flower's natural pigment, anthocyanin, which is an acid-base indicator. When an acidic ingredient like lemon juice is added, the pH level drops, causing the color to shift from blue to purple or violet.
Does butterfly pea tea have caffeine?
No, butterfly pea tea is a caffeine-free herbal tea. This makes it a great option for those who want to enjoy a calming, warm beverage without the stimulating effects of caffeine.
Can pregnant women drink butterfly pea tea?
Some sources advise against pregnant women consuming butterfly pea tea, as some compounds may stimulate uterine contractions. It is important for pregnant or breastfeeding women to consult a healthcare provider before consuming it.
Is butterfly pea safe to consume?
When consumed in moderation, butterfly pea is generally considered safe. However, excessive consumption may lead to minor digestive discomforts like nausea or diarrhea for some individuals. As with any herbal supplement, it is best to start with small amounts.
How do you use butterfly pea for skincare?
For skincare, butterfly pea is often used topically in forms like facial toners or masks. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are believed to soothe irritation and boost collagen. It can be infused into water to create a liquid extract for a natural toner.
How can I make a color-changing drink with butterfly pea?
To make a color-changing drink, first brew butterfly pea flowers in hot water to create a blue base. Fill a glass with ice and your choice of mixer (like lemonade). Slowly pour the blue tea over the mixer, and watch the color change as the two liquids combine.
