The Carnivore Diet: A Basic Overview
The carnivore diet is a highly restrictive eating plan that eliminates all plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, and nuts. It is sometimes called the "zero-carb" diet because it consists solely of animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and some dairy. By eliminating carbohydrates, the diet forces the body into a state of ketosis, where it burns fat for fuel instead of glucose. Proponents suggest that it can aid in weight loss, reduce inflammation, and improve mental clarity. The diet is often viewed as a more extreme version of ketogenic or low-carb diets.
What Joe Rogan Ate and His Reported Results
Joe Rogan first publicly experimented with the carnivore diet in January 2020, inspired by the experiences of guests like Jordan Peterson. For a month, he followed a strict meat-only regimen, focusing on high-quality animal products, and has periodically returned to variations of it since.
Typical foods in Rogan's diet:
- Meat: Primarily grass-fed beef, elk, and wild game that he hunts himself.
- Fat: Because lean wild game lacks enough fat, Rogan would supplement with beef tallow and fatty cuts of meat like bacon.
- Other Animal Products: Eggs and some seafood like salmon were also included.
- Later Variations: In later cycles, Rogan has mentioned adding small amounts of fruit to his diet.
Rogan's reported results:
- Weight Loss: He lost 12 pounds during his initial 30-day attempt.
- Increased Energy and Mental Clarity: Rogan noted stable, high energy levels throughout the day and improved mental focus, stating he felt at his peak.
- Reduced Inflammation: He reported reduced aches and pains and improved symptoms of vitiligo, an autoimmune skin condition.
The side effects:
- Initial Diarrhea: During the first two weeks, Rogan famously documented having "explosive uber diarrhea" as his body adjusted to the lack of fiber and high fat content.
- Impact on Training: He observed that his high-intensity training was affected, which may have led to his later experimentation with adding fruit.
Carnivore vs. Other Low-Carb Diets
| Feature | Carnivore Diet | Ketogenic Diet | Standard Balanced Diet | 
|---|---|---|---|
| Food Restrictions | Animal products only (meat, fish, eggs). Excludes all plant foods. | High fat, moderate protein, very low carbs. Includes some low-carb vegetables, nuts, and seeds. | Wide variety of foods from all groups: fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy. | 
| Carb Intake | Zero or near-zero carbs. | Typically 20-50 grams of carbs per day. | Varies, but includes significant carbohydrates from whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. | 
| Potential Benefits | Weight loss, reduced inflammation, potential relief for autoimmune symptoms. | Weight loss, blood sugar control, improved metabolic health. | Long-term sustainability, reduced risk of chronic diseases, diverse nutrient intake. | 
| Potential Risks | Nutrient deficiencies (fiber, Vit C), high saturated fat, kidney issues, unsustainable long-term. | "Keto flu" symptoms, electrolyte imbalances, and potential long-term risks debated. | Risk of obesity and chronic disease if choices are poor (processed foods). | 
The Potential Benefits and Risks of an All-Meat Diet
While anecdotal evidence from Joe Rogan and other proponents suggests benefits, the carnivore diet is not without significant health considerations that need attention.
Potential Benefits
- Weight Loss: As seen in Rogan's case, the high protein and fat content can lead to increased satiety, potentially reducing overall calorie intake. Eliminating highly processed carbs also contributes to initial weight loss.
- Reduced Inflammation: For individuals with food sensitivities, removing all plant foods can, in some cases, alleviate inflammatory symptoms. However, this is largely anecdotal and lacks robust scientific backing.
- Mental Clarity: Stable blood sugar levels from eliminating carbs may contribute to more consistent energy and focus for some individuals.
Potential Risks and Expert Concerns
- Nutrient Deficiencies: By eliminating all plant-based foods, the diet can lead to deficiencies in essential nutrients like vitamin C, fiber, folate, potassium, and magnesium.
- Lack of Fiber: The absence of fiber can cause digestive issues like constipation and negatively impact the gut microbiome, which is crucial for overall health.
- High Saturated Fat and Cholesterol: A diet focused on red meat and dairy can be very high in saturated fat. While the link to heart disease is debated, health experts raise concerns about potential increases in "bad" LDL cholesterol.
- Kidney Health: Medical professionals have warned that the high-protein, high-fat nature of the carnivore diet may raise the risk of kidney stones in susceptible individuals.
- Long-Term Sustainability: The extreme restrictiveness makes long-term adherence difficult for most people, and reintroducing carbs later can lead to rebound weight gain.
- "Rabbit Starvation": Without adequate fat intake, a carnivore diet high in only lean protein can cause "rabbit starvation," a dangerous condition marked by fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea.
Scientific and Expert Perspectives on Rogan's Diet
Despite the anecdotal enthusiasm, the scientific community remains cautious. Large-scale, long-term controlled studies on the carnivore diet's effects are currently lacking. A survey of over 2,000 carnivore dieters reported high satisfaction and health improvements, but the study had significant limitations, such as self-reported data and a lack of a control group.
Mainstream nutritionists and health organizations, including the British Heart Foundation, generally advise against such a restrictive eating pattern due to the risk of nutrient deficiencies and high saturated fat intake. However, some researchers suggest that the diet could be a therapeutic tool for certain inflammatory or autoimmune conditions, though they stress that it is not a one-size-fits-all solution.
Conclusion: Is the Carnivore Diet Right for You?
Joe Rogan's experience highlights that the carnivore diet can produce significant short-term results like weight loss and increased energy for some individuals. However, his experience also came with severe initial side effects and, importantly, he has cycled on and off the diet, later modifying it to include fruit. The diet is highly controversial, and the long-term health implications remain largely unknown due to limited research. Experts point to significant nutritional risks, including a lack of fiber, vitamin C, and potential issues related to high saturated fat intake. Before considering an extreme dietary shift like the carnivore diet, it is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional or registered dietitian. A balanced, less restrictive diet, like the Mediterranean diet, has far more scientific evidence supporting its long-term health benefits.
For more in-depth nutritional information, you can find a comprehensive guide on the topic on Healthline's overview of the carnivore diet.