What soda is not gluten-free? Your definitive guide to safe sips

October 4, 2025 •

5 min read

While many mainstream sodas in North America are considered gluten-free, some specialty and imported versions may contain hidden gluten, posing a risk for those with sensitivities. Knowing exactly what soda is not gluten-free is crucial for maintaining a strict dietary regimen and avoiding adverse health effects.

Quick Summary

This article details which types of sodas, particularly craft and certain international varieties, may contain gluten. It identifies key ingredients like malt to avoid, discusses cross-contamination risks, and offers practical tips for making safe beverage choices.

Key Points

Malt is a primary concern: Any soda containing malt flavoring, which is derived from barley, is not gluten-free.
Check craft and imported sodas carefully: Regional, small-batch, and international brands may use different formulas or have higher cross-contamination risks.
Caramel coloring is typically safe in North America: Most U.S. and Canadian caramel coloring is corn-based; however, investigate its source in international products.
Beware of cross-contamination in non-certified products: Small-batch producers may not use dedicated equipment, increasing the risk for sensitive individuals.
Assume hard sodas are not gluten-free: Alcoholic 'hard sodas' are often brewed with barley, making them unsafe unless explicitly certified gluten-free.
Look for 'Certified Gluten-Free' labels: This is the most reliable way to ensure a product is safe for those with celiac disease.
Always read ingredient labels: The most critical step is to read the ingredient list for potential sources of gluten, such as wheat, barley, or malt.

Understanding the Gluten Risks in Sodas

For individuals with celiac disease or a gluten sensitivity, understanding potential hidden sources of gluten is vital. While the main ingredients in soda—carbonated water, sugar, and flavorings—do not typically contain gluten, certain additives and production methods can introduce it. The key is to be vigilant and not assume all sodas are safe. The primary risk factors come from ingredients derived from gluten-containing grains, most notably barley.

The Culprit: Malt and Barley-Derived Ingredients

The single most important ingredient to watch out for is malt, which is almost always derived from barley. Malt is sometimes used as a flavoring or coloring agent, particularly in certain root beers, cream sodas, and other specialty sodas. If you see 'malt,' 'barley malt,' 'barley malt extract,' or 'brewer's yeast' on an ingredient list, the product is not gluten-free and should be avoided. Even if a product is not a beer, the use of malt can make it unsafe. For instance, some craft root beers may use barley malt for a distinct flavor profile. It is always best to check the label thoroughly.

The Grey Area: Caramel Color and Other Additives

Caramel color has been a source of debate within the gluten-free community for years. The good news is that in the United States and Canada, the caramel coloring used by major soda manufacturers like Coca-Cola and Pepsi is typically derived from corn, not wheat or barley. According to the Celiac Disease Foundation, caramel color is highly processed, and even if derived from wheat, it contains no detectable gluten. However, if you are extremely sensitive or are consuming imported products, where regulations may differ, it's wise to contact the manufacturer. Other additives like maltodextrin and modified food starch are also generally safe in North America, as their source is typically corn or tapioca unless 'wheat' is specified on the label.

Cross-Contamination Concerns

Even if a soda's ingredients are gluten-free, the manufacturing process itself can be a source of risk. For those with celiac disease, cross-contamination, which occurs when a product comes into contact with gluten-containing items during production, can be a major issue. This is a more significant concern for smaller, craft soda companies that may use the same equipment for both gluten-free and gluten-containing beverages. While large, multinational corporations often have dedicated lines, smaller producers may not. The most reliable way to avoid this risk is to look for products with a 'Certified Gluten-Free' label, which guarantees strict production standards have been met.

International and Specialty Sodas

It is critical to remember that ingredient sourcing and labeling regulations vary by country. A popular soda brand considered gluten-free in the U.S. might have a different formula abroad. Some imported varieties, such as certain versions of Mexican Coke sold in glass bottles, have been known to contain malt, making them unsafe. Always check the ingredient list on any imported beverage, as the labeling may be different from what you're used to.

Hard Sodas and Alcoholic Beverages

'Hard sodas' or malternatives, which are alcoholic beverages flavored to taste like soda, are typically brewed using barley and are therefore not gluten-free. These should not be confused with regular soda. Unless a product is specifically labeled as 'gluten-free,' it should be assumed to contain gluten. Examples of hard sodas that are brewed with barley include Best Damn Root Beer.

Brands and Types to Investigate for Gluten

This is not an exhaustive list, but it highlights the types of beverages that warrant extra investigation for those avoiding gluten.

Craft Root Beers and Colas: Some smaller or regional brands, especially those emphasizing 'old-fashioned' or unique flavors, may use barley malt. Always check the ingredients and contact the manufacturer if unsure.
Imported Sodas: Formulas and ingredients can differ significantly by country. Imported Coca-Cola or Pepsi from regions with less strict regulations or different ingredient sources might contain gluten.
Hard Sodas: Most alcoholic sodas are brewed with barley. Ensure you are purchasing a product specifically labeled gluten-free if you require it.
Generic or Store-Brand Sodas: Private label or store-brand sodas may have different formulations and production methods than their name-brand counterparts. Unless they are certified or clearly labeled gluten-free, there may be a risk of cross-contamination or different ingredient sources.

Comparison Table: Mainstream vs. Potentially Risky Sodas


Soda Type	Examples (Typically GF in NA)	Potential Gluten Risk	Reason for Caution
Cola	Coca-Cola Classic, Pepsi, Diet Coke	Imported or specialty colas	Different formulas or malt in certain foreign versions
Root Beer	Barq's, A&W (in North America)	Craft or imported root beers	May contain barley malt as a flavoring agent
Orange/Grape	Fanta, Sunkist (in North America)	Imported versions	Different caramel coloring or flavor sources based on region
Lemon-Lime	Sprite, 7UP (in North America)	Imported versions	Different formulations outside of North America
Hard Soda	N/A (unless certified GF)	Best Damn Root Beer, many others	Often brewed with barley malt

How to Safely Choose a Gluten-Free Soda

Look for 'Certified Gluten-Free' Labels: This is the most reliable method for avoiding gluten and cross-contamination. Third-party certification ensures the product meets stringent standards. Brands like Virgil's offer certified gluten-free options.
Read the Ingredient List: Always check the label. Look for clear indicators of gluten, such as wheat, barley, rye, or malt. Be particularly cautious with terms like natural flavors or caramel color in imported products.
Investigate International or Craft Brands: When buying a product you are unfamiliar with, especially if it is imported or from a small producer, research the company's gluten-free statement online or contact their customer service.
Know Your Sensitivity: Some individuals are more sensitive than others. If you react to very low levels of gluten (below the 20 parts per million standard), stick to certified products to minimize all risks.
Opt for Healthier Alternatives: Naturally flavored sparkling water, herbal tea, or freshly squeezed juices are great naturally gluten-free alternatives to sugary sodas. For more information on gluten-free living, consult authoritative sources like the Celiac Disease Foundation Read more about Celiac Disease and gluten-free diets here.

Conclusion

While many popular soda brands in North America are safe for those on a gluten-free diet, the question of what soda is not gluten-free highlights the importance of diligence. The primary culprits are craft and international sodas that may contain barley malt or have higher risks of cross-contamination. By scrutinizing ingredient labels, recognizing potential red flags like 'malt,' and opting for certified products, individuals can confidently navigate their beverage choices and avoid unwanted gluten exposure. When in doubt, it is always best to choose a known, certified gluten-free option or contact the manufacturer for clarification.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, most mainstream cola brands produced in North America, including Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and their diet versions, are considered gluten-free according to their manufacturers and ingredient sourcing.

In the U.S. and Canada, caramel coloring is generally safe as it is made from corn. However, formulas can differ in other countries, and for highly sensitive individuals or imported products, checking with the manufacturer is the safest approach.

No, many popular root beer brands like A&W and Barq's are gluten-free. However, some craft or specialty root beers use barley malt for flavoring, so checking the ingredient list is essential.

For craft sodas, look for a 'Certified Gluten-Free' label. If one is not present, carefully read the ingredient list for any mention of malt or barley, and contact the manufacturer to inquire about their ingredients and production methods.

Yes, there is a risk of cross-contamination, especially with smaller or generic brands that might share equipment with gluten-containing products. For those with celiac disease, looking for certified products is recommended to mitigate this risk.

Yes, imported sodas can be a higher risk. Different countries have different ingredient suppliers and regulations, so a product considered gluten-free in North America may have a different formulation elsewhere.

Healthier and naturally gluten-free alternatives include flavored sparkling water, seltzer, unsweetened iced tea, and kombucha. These options can satisfy the craving for a fizzy beverage without the added sugars.