Understanding Stevia: The Plant-Based Sweetener
Stevia is a naturally sourced, zero-calorie sweetener derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant, an herbaceous shrub native to South America. The sweetness comes from compounds within the leaves called steviol glycosides, which are up to 300 times sweeter than regular table sugar. Only a small amount is needed to achieve the desired sweetness. The FDA has deemed high-purity stevia leaf extracts as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS).
Unlike sugar, stevia does not affect blood glucose levels, making it popular for individuals with diabetes or those on low-carbohydrate diets. Its stability at high temperatures allows its use in cooking and baking, though adjustments may be needed for bulk and moisture.
Beverages Sweetened with Stevia
Stevia is commonly used in beverages to create reduced or zero-calorie drinks.
Soft Drinks and Juices
Many beverage companies use stevia as a sweetener. Brands like Zevia offer sodas, energy drinks, and teas exclusively sweetened with stevia. Some juices, like PepsiCo's Trop50, blend stevia and sugar to cut calories. Coca-Cola uses stevia in products like VitaminWater Zero. Other examples include light juices and flavored waters.
Ready-to-Drink Coffees and Teas
RTD coffees and teas often list stevia as an ingredient. Starbucks Refreshers are sweetened with stevia leaf extract. Liquid stevia drops are also available for home use.
Tabletop Sweeteners and Baking Products
Stevia is widely available for home use in various forms.
Popular Stevia Sweetener Brands
- Truvia®: A blend of stevia leaf extract and erythritol.
- Pure Via®: Another popular stevia-based sweetener.
- Stevia In The Raw®: Offers various forms for different uses.
- SweetLeaf®: Provides liquid drops, packets, and powders.
- Pyure®: Offers organic stevia blends.
- Store Brands: Many supermarkets have their own versions.
Stevia in Baking
Stevia doesn't provide the same bulk or moisture as sugar in baking. Baking blends often combine stevia with other ingredients like erythritol for a 1:1 sugar replacement. Using pure extract may require adding ingredients for texture.
Dairy, Confections, and Other Foods
Stevia is used in various other food products to lower sugar content.
Dairy Products
- Yogurt: Many light and low-sugar yogurts use stevia.
- Flavored Milk and Ice Cream: Stevia is used to reduce sugar in some formulations.
Cereals and Sauces
- Cereals: Some low-sugar cereals use stevia.
- Condiments and Sauces: Certain condiments like salad dressings and sauces incorporate stevia.
A Comparison of Stevia and Sugar
Key differences exist between stevia and sugar.
| Feature | Stevia | Sugar (Sucrose) | 
|---|---|---|
| Calorie Content | Zero calories per serving | 4 calories per gram | 
| Source | Natural plant extract | Sugarcane or beet derived crystalline solid | 
| Glycemic Index | 0 (No effect on blood sugar) | 65 (Rapidly raises blood sugar) | 
| Sweetness Level | 200–350 times sweeter than sugar | Standard benchmark for sweetness | 
| Flavor Profile | Intense sweetness, potential mild aftertaste at high concentrations | Pure, well-known sweet taste | 
| Baking Performance | Does not provide bulk, moisture, or caramelization; requires adjustments | Adds bulk, aids in moisture retention, and caramelizes | 
| Dental Health | Non-cariogenic; does not cause cavities | Contributes to tooth decay and cavities | 
Conclusion
Stevia is a mainstream, zero-calorie sweetener found in a vast range of products, offering a plant-based alternative for those watching sugar intake. It is used in sodas, juices, tabletop sweeteners, and dairy items. Look for 'stevia leaf extract' or brand names like Truvia and Pure Via in ingredient lists. While baking requires adjustments, stevia's versatility continues to expand options for healthier foods and beverages.
For more information on stevia safety and regulation, visit the International Food Information Council (IFIC) at https://ific.org/resources/articles/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stevia-sweeteners/.