Does Flaxseed Reduce Androgens in Females? A Comprehensive Guide

October 28, 2025 •

5 min read

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder, affects approximately 4 to 8% of women of reproductive age and is associated with high androgens. This raises the question: does flaxseed reduce androgens in females? Research on this topic shows promising, though not entirely conclusive, results, especially in women with PCOS, suggesting potential benefits for hormonal balance.

Quick Summary

This article examines the evidence supporting flaxseed's role in lowering androgen levels in women. It covers the hormonal effects of lignans and omega-3s, reviews clinical and animal studies on PCOS, and discusses how to safely incorporate flaxseed into your diet for hormonal health.

Key Points

Lignans Modulate Hormones: Flaxseed is the richest source of lignans, phytoestrogens that can increase Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), which binds to testosterone and helps lower its free, active levels in the body.
Supports PCOS Symptoms: A case study on a woman with PCOS showed significant reductions in testosterone levels and hirsutism after four months of flaxseed supplementation.
Research Shows Mixed Results Overall: While early studies were promising, a 2023 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found no significant overall effect on sex hormones in adults, although subgroup analysis for PCOS patients did show increased SHBG.
Requires Proper Preparation: To maximize the benefits, flaxseeds must be consumed ground, not whole, as the whole seeds pass through the body largely undigested.
Part of a Balanced Approach: Flaxseed is not a cure-all, but can be a supportive component of a diet aimed at hormonal balance, alongside other nutrient-dense foods and healthy lifestyle choices.
Manage Potential Side Effects: Due to its high fiber content, start with a small amount and increase gradually while drinking plenty of water to avoid digestive issues like bloating and gas.
Professional Guidance is Recommended: Women with hormone-sensitive conditions or those who are pregnant should consult a healthcare provider before using flaxseed for hormonal purposes.

Understanding Androgens and Hormonal Balance

Androgens, often referred to as 'male hormones', are present in both men and women, but at significantly lower levels in females. High androgen levels in women can lead to conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), causing a range of symptoms including hirsutism (excess body hair), acne, irregular periods, and weight gain. Dietary interventions have long been explored as a way to naturally modulate hormone levels, with flaxseed emerging as a popular candidate.

The Science Behind Flaxseed and Hormones

Flaxseed contains several bioactive compounds that can influence the body's hormonal systems. The primary players are lignans and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid.

Lignans: Phytoestrogens at Play

Flaxseed is the richest dietary source of lignans, specifically secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). Once ingested, gut bacteria convert SDG into the biologically active mammalian lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone.

Estrogenic and Anti-estrogenic Effects: Lignans are phytoestrogens, meaning they have a chemical structure similar to estrogen. In the body, they can bind to estrogen receptors, exhibiting weak estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity depending on the body's native estrogen levels. This can help regulate and balance estrogen.
Impact on SHBG: Lignans have been shown to stimulate the liver's production of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). SHBG binds to circulating sex hormones, including testosterone, effectively reducing the amount of 'free', biologically active testosterone available to tissues.
5-alpha-reductase Inhibition: Some research suggests lignans may inhibit the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone into the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT). High DHT levels are associated with symptoms like hirsutism and hair loss.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ALA)

Flaxseed is also rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid. Chronic low-grade inflammation is often associated with high androgen levels, especially in women with PCOS. The powerful anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3s can help mitigate this, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and, as a result, hormonal balance.

Key Studies on Flaxseed and Androgens in Females

Research into flaxseed's effect on androgens in women, while promising, is not entirely conclusive, with mixed results across different study designs. Here are some key findings:

A Groundbreaking Case Study

A 2009 clinical case study documented the impact of flaxseed on a 31-year-old woman with PCOS. The patient consumed 30g/day of flaxseed for four months, resulting in a significant 70% decrease in total serum testosterone and an 89% decrease in free serum testosterone. The patient also reported a decrease in hirsutism. While highly intriguing, this was a single case study and thus not generalizable to the wider population.

Mixed Results in Meta-Analyses

More recent and large-scale reviews present a more complex picture. A 2023 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concluded that flaxseed supplementation had no significant effect on overall sex hormone levels, including total testosterone and SHBG, in adults. However, subgroup analysis showed that among women with PCOS who supplemented for 12 weeks or longer, SHBG levels did increase significantly, which would lead to a reduction in free testosterone. The study highlighted the need for more large-scale, long-term studies to confirm these effects.

Rodent and Animal Studies

Animal studies offer further insight. A 2020 study on PCOS-induced rats showed that a combination of flaxseed and spearmint extract decreased testosterone levels and increased progesterone, ultimately improving the endocrine profile. Another study confirmed that flaxseed extract alone could help normalize testosterone levels and improve ovarian function in a rat model of PCOS. These findings, while compelling, must be confirmed in human trials.

How to Incorporate Flaxseed for Hormonal Health

To maximize the potential hormonal benefits of flaxseed, consider these best practices:

Grind the seeds: Your body cannot properly digest whole flaxseeds, and they will likely pass through your system intact. Grinding them just before use ensures you absorb the beneficial lignans and oils. For convenience, you can grind a small batch and store it correctly.
Store Properly: The healthy polyunsaturated fats in flaxseed are prone to oxidation and can go rancid. Store ground flaxseed in an opaque, airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer.
Start Small and Stay Hydrated: Begin with a small amount (e.g., one tablespoon) and increase gradually. Due to its high fiber content, flaxseed requires ample water to prevent digestive issues like bloating, gas, and constipation.
Consume 1-2 Tablespoons Daily: Many studies use daily doses of around 30g (about 2 tablespoons) of ground flaxseed. Incorporating this into your daily routine is a safe and healthy amount for most people.

Comparison of Flaxseed and Other Androgen-Reducing Options


Method	Mechanism	Evidence for Androgen Reduction	Pros	Cons
Flaxseed	Lignans increase SHBG; omega-3s reduce inflammation.	Promising case studies and some RCT data for specific groups (e.g., PCOS) show potential, though overall RCT data is mixed.	Natural, high in fiber and omega-3s, multiple health benefits.	Requires consistent daily use, must be ground for absorption, potential for digestive issues.
Spearmint Tea	Anti-androgenic properties; may inhibit testosterone production.	Some human studies, particularly in women with PCOS, show reduced testosterone and hirsutism after consistent use.	Widely available, natural, and low cost.	Evidence is based on smaller studies, specific to spearmint variety, results vary by individual.
Omega-3 Supplements	Reduce inflammation and may indirectly influence hormones.	Some studies show reduced testosterone in women with PCOS; may also improve insulin sensitivity.	Concentrated source of anti-inflammatory omega-3s.	Can be more expensive than food sources, require consistent supplementation.
Inositol	Improves insulin sensitivity, which is often linked to high androgens in PCOS.	Studies show it can help reduce testosterone levels, especially in women with PCOS.	Well-researched for PCOS, can improve multiple symptoms.	Requires supplementation, dosage can vary significantly.

Potential Side Effects and Considerations

While generally safe, it's important to be aware of the following when adding flaxseed to your diet:

Digestive Discomfort: Due to its high fiber content, introducing too much flaxseed too quickly can cause bloating, gas, and abdominal pain. Drinking plenty of water is essential.
Allergies: Some individuals may have allergic reactions, such as rashes or itching, to flaxseed.
Hormone-Sensitive Conditions: Women with hormone-sensitive conditions like breast, ovarian, or uterine cancer should consult a healthcare provider before increasing flaxseed intake.
Pregnancy: The phytoestrogen content means that pregnant women should exercise caution and consult their doctor before using large amounts.

Conclusion: The Final Verdict on Flaxseed and Androgens

So, does flaxseed reduce androgens in females? The answer is nuanced. While a large-scale, definitive randomized controlled trial confirming a reduction in androgens for all women is still needed, the evidence is promising, particularly for women with PCOS. The mechanism through which flaxseed's lignans increase SHBG and its omega-3s reduce inflammation provides a solid biological rationale. A landmark case study showed a dramatic reduction in testosterone levels, but broader meta-analyses indicate more moderate, subgroup-specific effects over longer periods.

Incorporating 1-2 tablespoons of ground flaxseed daily as part of a balanced, hormone-supporting diet, which may include other foods like spearmint tea and omega-3 rich fish, could offer benefits. However, it is not a standalone solution. For women dealing with elevated androgen levels and related symptoms, integrating flaxseed with other positive lifestyle and dietary changes is the most strategic approach. Always consult a healthcare provider before making significant dietary changes, especially for a hormonal condition.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new dietary or supplementation regimen.

Frequently Asked Questions

Flaxseed oil contains the omega-3 fatty acid ALA, but lacks the fiber and lignans found in ground flaxseed that primarily influence SHBG and testosterone excretion. Some studies using flaxseed oil in capsules have shown no significant effect on androgen levels. Ground flaxseed is generally recommended for hormonal benefits.

Results vary between individuals and can depend on the underlying hormonal issue. Some studies and anecdotal reports suggest noticeable changes in symptoms over several months. For example, the landmark PCOS case study saw significant changes after four months. Consistency is key.

Due to its phytoestrogen content, flaxseed may have some interaction with hormonal birth control, though the effects are likely to be mild. However, because flaxseed can modulate hormone levels, it's wise to consult a doctor before using it if you are on hormonal contraception.

Ground or milled flaxseed is far more effective. The body cannot break down the hard outer shell of whole seeds, meaning the beneficial lignans and other nutrients will pass through the digestive system unabsorbed.

A common and safe daily dose is 1 to 2 tablespoons (7 to 14g) of ground flaxseed. Studies investigating hormonal effects often use around 30g (2 tablespoons) per day. It is best to start with a smaller amount and increase gradually.

Yes. Flaxseed contains lignans that have weak estrogen-like effects. For women with declining estrogen levels post-menopause, this can help balance hormones and potentially alleviate symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats, though study results have been mixed.

Pregnant women should consult their gynecologist or doctor before consuming significant amounts of flaxseed. Due to its phytoestrogen content, there is a theoretical concern about its effect on hormonal balance during pregnancy, although the risk is considered low with moderate intake.