Navigating the grocery store aisles can be confusing, especially with so many labels and certifications claiming to offer transparency about food production. For consumers who want to know how do you know if a product has GMO in it, a few simple steps can help clarify the situation. Understanding the different labeling systems, both mandatory and voluntary, is key to making choices that align with your personal preferences.
Decoding mandatory GMO and Bioengineered (BE) labels
Since early 2022, the U.S. has a mandatory labeling standard for bioengineered foods, which are foods that contain detectable genetic material modified through genetic engineering. This is one of the most reliable ways to identify products with genetically modified ingredients in the U.S.
The official Bioengineered (BE) symbol
Look for a circular green, white, and blue symbol on product packaging. The symbol contains a plant, sun, and stylized text that says "Bioengineered". Some brands may use alternative disclosures, including:
- Text on packaging: Phrases like "Bioengineered food" or "Contains a bioengineered food ingredient" may be printed near the ingredient list.
- QR codes: A square QR code can be found on some packages, which you can scan with a smartphone to visit a website with more information.
- Electronic links: Some brands provide a text message number or website address to provide information upon request.
This mandatory labeling standard is enforced by the USDA. However, it's important to note that the law has some exemptions. For example, animal products may not be labeled as bioengineered even if the animal consumed genetically modified feed. Highly refined ingredients, such as refined oils and sugars, are also exempt if the processing removes all detectable modified genetic material.
Recognizing trusted third-party certifications
Voluntary labels can provide additional assurance and often have stricter standards than the federal mandate. These labels are typically overseen by non-profit organizations or certification bodies.
The Non-GMO Project Verified seal
The most recognizable voluntary label is the Non-GMO Project Verified seal, which features a monarch butterfly. This certification means the product has been evaluated by an independent third party and has met a rigorous standard for GMO avoidance. The Non-GMO Project requires ongoing testing of high-risk ingredients and annual renewal of certification, providing a higher degree of confidence. Some of its key features include:
- Testing of ingredients: The program tests ingredients derived from high-risk crops like corn, soy, and canola.
- Animal feed consideration: For animal products like meat, eggs, and dairy, the certification requires proof that the animal feed was non-GMO.
- Coverage of processed foods: This certification is valuable for processed foods where refined ingredients might be exempt from the federal Bioengineered label.
USDA Organic certification
The USDA Organic seal is also a reliable indicator that a product is non-GMO. The standards for organic certification strictly prohibit the use of genetically modified organisms in any part of the production process. If a product carries the USDA Organic seal, you can be certain that it is also non-GMO. However, a product that is Non-GMO Project Verified is not necessarily organic, as it might have been grown with synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.
Deciphering PLU codes on fresh produce
For fresh fruits and vegetables, the sticker with the Price Look-Up (PLU) code can provide information on how the item was grown. While this method isn't foolproof, it offers a quick check for unpackaged produce.
- 4-digit code: Indicates the produce was conventionally grown using standard agricultural practices, which may include GMO seeds.
- 5-digit code starting with an "8": This code theoretically identifies genetically modified produce. However, its use is voluntary and extremely rare in the marketplace.
- 5-digit code starting with a "9": This identifies certified organic produce, which is non-GMO.
Understanding high-risk ingredients and foods
Some crops are more likely to be genetically modified than others. If you see these ingredients on a label without a Non-GMO or Organic certification, it's safe to assume they may be genetically modified. The most common GMO crops include:
- Corn
- Soybeans
- Canola oil
- Sugar beets
- Cottonseed oil
- Papaya (most Hawaiian papaya is GMO)
- Zucchini and yellow summer squash (some varieties)
- Potatoes and apples (certain non-browning varieties)
Navigating the labels: A comparison table
| Feature | Bioengineered (BE) Label | Non-GMO Project Verified | USDA Organic Seal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regulation Type | Mandatory for certain products with detectable GM material in the U.S. since 2022. | Voluntary, independent, third-party verification. | Federally regulated organic standard. |
| Requirements | Disclosure required for foods with detectable levels of modified DNA. Has exemptions for highly refined ingredients. | Avoidance of GMOs down to a strict action threshold (0.9% in some cases). | Prohibits GMOs entirely. Also forbids synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and antibiotics. |
| Certification Cost | Cost is for compliance with federal law, built into business operations. | Fee-based, varies by product complexity. | Fee-based, covers broader organic standards. |
| Key Identifier | Circular BE symbol, text, QR code, or electronic link. | Distinctive monarch butterfly logo. | Green and white USDA Organic seal. |
Conclusion: Empowering your choices at the store
While identifying products with genetically modified ingredients can seem complex, using a combination of methods allows for a comprehensive assessment. The federal Bioengineered label provides a mandatory baseline for disclosure, while the Non-GMO Project Verified and USDA Organic seals offer more stringent third-party verification. By understanding these labels, recognizing high-risk crops, and using tools like PLU codes, consumers can confidently navigate the supermarket and feel empowered by their purchasing decisions. Remember, every label provides a piece of the puzzle, and informed choices are a matter of knowing how to interpret the information available.
