What is Sweetener 965 (Maltitol)?
Sweetener 965 is the European food additive number for maltitol, a type of sugar alcohol, or polyol. It is manufactured through a process called hydrogenation, where maltose (a sugar derived from starch, often from corn or wheat) is treated to produce a stable, low-calorie sweetener. Available in both crystalline powder and syrup forms, maltitol is prized for its physical and chemical properties that closely mimic sucrose (table sugar), including its bulk, taste, and temperature stability. This allows it to be used in a wide variety of heat-treated products without losing its sweetening power.
Key Differences Between Sweetener 965 and Sugar
The primary reasons people choose maltitol over sugar are its lower caloric content and reduced effect on blood sugar levels. However, the differences extend to other important areas, such as dental health and digestive impact. Understanding these distinctions is key to deciding which sweetener best fits your health goals.
Comparison of Sweetener 965 (Maltitol) and Sugar
| Feature | Sweetener 965 (Maltitol) | Sugar (Sucrose) |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | ~2.1 kcal per gram | ~4 kcal per gram |
| Sweetness | 75-90% as sweet as sugar | 100% (reference standard) |
| Glycemic Index (GI) | Crystalline: ~36, Syrup: ~52 | ~65 |
| Effect on Blood Sugar | Raises blood sugar, but more slowly and to a lesser extent | Causes a rapid spike in blood sugar levels |
| Dental Health | Non-cariogenic; does not promote tooth decay | Contributes significantly to tooth decay and cavities |
| Digestive Impact | May cause gas, bloating, and diarrhea in large amounts | Can be quickly and easily digested by most people |
| Baking Properties | Does not brown or caramelize, but provides bulk and moisture retention | Browns and caramelizes when heated |
| Taste Profile | Clean, sweet taste with no cooling effect | Familiar, clean sweet taste |
Health Implications: Pros and Cons of Sweetener 965
When considering maltitol, the health implications are a double-edged sword. Its benefits appeal to those managing diabetes or looking to reduce calorie intake, while its side effects require careful consideration and moderation.
Advantages of Maltitol
- Lower Calorie Content: With roughly half the calories of sugar, maltitol helps reduce the overall energy content of foods and beverages.
- Lower Glycemic Index: The slower absorption rate means maltitol does not cause a sharp spike in blood sugar, making it a better option for people with diabetes, provided they monitor their intake.
- Dental Benefits: Maltitol is not metabolized by oral bacteria, so it does not contribute to tooth decay or the formation of cavities.
- Good Taste and Texture: Its sweetness and physical properties are very close to sugar, offering a satisfying mouthfeel without an unpleasant aftertaste.
Disadvantages of Maltitol
- Potential Digestive Issues: As a polyol, maltitol can cause gastrointestinal distress, such as gas, bloating, and a laxative effect, if consumed in excessive amounts. The intensity of these effects varies from person to person.
- Not Calorie-Free: Unlike non-nutritive sweeteners, maltitol still contains calories and will affect blood glucose, so it is not a 'free' food for those managing their weight or blood sugar.
- No Long-Term Consensus on Weight Loss: While short-term studies show a modest weight loss from switching to low-calorie sweeteners, long-term evidence is not conclusive, and some research even suggests potential negative effects on appetite regulation. The World Health Organization does not recommend using non-sugar sweeteners for long-term weight management.
Common Uses in Food Products
Sweetener 965 is widely used in the food industry to produce 'sugar-free' or 'low-sugar' products. Its versatility and stability make it an excellent ingredient for many items.
Here are some common food products containing maltitol:
- Confectionery: Chewing gum, sugar-free candies, and chocolates.
- Baked Goods: Biscuits, cakes, and cookies.
- Dairy Products: Ice cream and frozen desserts.
- Breakfast Cereals & Snacks: Cereal bars and other low-sugar snacks.
- Pharmaceuticals: Syrups and gelatin capsules.
Conclusion
In summary, sweetener 965 (maltitol) is a viable sugar alternative for those seeking to reduce calories, manage blood sugar, or protect their dental health. Its similar taste and functional properties make it a seamless replacement for sugar in many applications, especially in confectionery and baked goods. However, it is not a zero-calorie, zero-impact solution. Its potential for digestive discomfort in large quantities and the fact that it still affects blood sugar means moderation is key. When deciding whether to use sweetener 965, it's essential to weigh its benefits against its potential drawbacks and consider your personal dietary needs and health sensitivities.
