Understanding Bioengineered Food
Bioengineered (BE) food is the term designated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for foods containing genetic material modified in a lab using specific techniques that cannot be achieved through conventional breeding. The term "GMO" (Genetically Modified Organism) is often used interchangeably, although "bioengineered" specifically refers to the products covered by the mandatory disclosure standard. Most bioengineered crops are engineered for traits like herbicide tolerance or insect resistance, rather than direct consumer benefits like better taste.
Decoding Food Labels: Mandatory vs. Voluntary
Navigating food labels is the most direct way to identify and avoid bioengineered products. The USDA National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard, in effect since 2022, requires regulated food manufacturers, importers, and retailers to disclose bioengineered ingredients.
Mandatory USDA Bioengineered Disclosure
The standard provides several ways for companies to disclose bioengineered food ingredients, including text, a symbol, an electronic/digital link (like a QR code), or a text message option.
Voluntary Non-GMO Project Verification
Independent, third-party verification, such as the Non-GMO Project Verified seal (a butterfly icon), offers additional assurance. This verification includes rigorous testing, traceability standards, and annual auditing.
The Organic Advantage
USDA Organic certification is a reliable method for avoiding bioengineered ingredients, as genetic engineering is prohibited in certified organic products. Different organic labels indicate varying percentages of organic ingredients, but all certified organic products are non-bioengineered.
Avoiding High-Risk Crops and Processed Foods
Certain crops are frequently bioengineered and commonly found in processed foods. These include alfalfa, canola, corn (excluding popcorn), cotton, papaya (especially Hawaiian), soybean, sugar beet, summer squash, and specific potato varieties. Highly refined ingredients from these crops, like corn oil and sugar from sugar beets, may not require a BE label if the genetic material is undetectable, but may have voluntary disclosure.
A Comparison of Labeling Options
| Feature | USDA Organic | Non-GMO Project Verified | USDA Bioengineered Disclosure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mandatory | Voluntary program. | Voluntary third-party verification. | Mandatory for regulated products containing detectable BE material. |
| Genetic Engineering | Prohibits the use of any genetic engineering. | Prohibits or minimizes ingredients derived from genetic engineering (<0.9% for human food). | Required label for foods with detectable BE genetic material. |
| Pesticides | Prohibits synthetic pesticides (with some exceptions). | Does not specifically restrict pesticide use. | Does not address pesticide use. |
| Derived Ingredients | Ensures all ingredients are non-BE. | Requires verification for high-risk, refined ingredients. | Highly refined ingredients with no detectable genetic material are exempt. |
Additional Strategies for Avoiding Bioengineered Food
In addition to reading labels, consider buying from local farms, joining a CSA, growing your own food, and prioritizing whole foods to reduce your consumption of bioengineered ingredients.
Conclusion: Making Informed Choices for Your Diet
Identifying bioengineered foods requires understanding both mandatory and voluntary labels. The USDA disclosure provides basic information, while certifications like USDA Organic and Non-GMO Project Verified offer more comprehensive assurance. By being mindful of high-risk crops and adopting proactive shopping habits, you can effectively avoid bioengineered foods and make informed choices about your diet. For detailed information on the USDA standard, visit the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard website.
