Demystifying MGO: What It Is and Where It Comes From
Methylglyoxal, or MGO, is a naturally occurring compound found in Manuka honey, and it is the key ingredient behind its powerful antibacterial effects. Unlike most other honeys, whose antibacterial properties come from hydrogen peroxide that can be neutralized by enzymes in the body, Manuka honey's MGO provides a stable and persistent antimicrobial effect. The MGO content develops from another compound called dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is present in high concentrations in the nectar of the Manuka tea tree (Leptospermum scoparium). This conversion of DHA to MGO occurs naturally as the honey matures.
For consumers, the MGO rating system provides a straightforward way to gauge the honey's potency. The number on the label, such as MGO 100+ or MGO 525+, indicates the minimum amount of methylglyoxal present in milligrams per kilogram of honey. The higher the number, the higher the concentration of MGO and the more potent the honey is considered to be for its antibacterial benefits.
The Benefits and Uses of Different MGO Levels
Choosing the right MGO level for your needs is crucial, as what constitutes "better" is highly dependent on your intended use. A higher number is not always necessary for all applications and comes with a higher price tag.
Daily Wellness (Lower MGO)
For routine health maintenance, culinary use, and general well-being, lower-grade MGO Manuka honey is an excellent choice. These honeys offer a mild yet beneficial antibacterial boost without the robust, and sometimes bitter, flavor of higher concentrations.
- Flavor and Culinary Use: Lower MGO honeys (e.g., MGO 83+ to MGO 260+) have a milder flavor profile, making them ideal for sweetening teas, drizzling over oatmeal or yogurt, or using in dressings.
- General Immune Support: Regularly consuming a spoonful of lower MGO honey can contribute to overall immune system support and general wellness.
- Cost-Effectiveness: Since they are less potent and more widely available, lower MGO honeys are significantly more affordable for daily consumption.
Therapeutic Use (Higher MGO)
When addressing specific health issues, a higher MGO concentration is more suitable due to its more potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Wound Care and Skin Health: Medical-grade Manuka honey, which has high MGO levels, is used in hospitals for its ability to sterilize wounds, reduce infection, and promote healing. Applied topically, it can also assist with treating acne, eczema, and burns.
- Sore Throats and Coughs: For respiratory issues, higher MGO Manuka honey (e.g., MGO 260+ and above) is more effective at fighting bacterial infections and soothing irritated throat tissue.
- Digestive Health: The antibacterial properties of high MGO honey have been shown to help balance gut bacteria and inhibit harmful pathogens like H. pylori, which is associated with stomach ulcers.
Potential Considerations for High MGO Intake
While the antibacterial power of high MGO honey is well-documented, some research has raised potential concerns regarding the compound methylglyoxal, especially with prolonged high-dose consumption. Methylglyoxal is a precursor to Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), which are linked to various chronic inflammatory diseases and cell damage.
- Impact on Blood Sugar: As with all honey, MGO Manuka honey is high in natural sugar. Individuals with diabetes or blood sugar regulation issues should consume it in moderation and consult a healthcare professional.
- AGEs and Chronic Disease: Studies have explored the link between high MGO exposure through diet and potential exacerbation of conditions like atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular complications associated with diabetes. It is important to note that this research is ongoing and the context of consuming honey is different from direct exposure to MGO in lab settings.
- Allergies: People with allergies to honey or bees should exercise caution.
MGO vs. UMF: Understanding Certification
When shopping for Manuka honey, you will encounter multiple grading systems. MGO is a direct chemical measurement, while UMF (Unique Manuka Factor) is a more comprehensive quality assurance system.
- MGO: Specifically measures the concentration of methylglyoxal in mg/kg. It’s a straightforward measure of potency.
- UMF: Measures MGO along with three other key markers to verify authenticity, purity, and freshness. These include DHA (the precursor to MGO), Leptosperin (a chemical unique to Manuka nectar), and HMF (an indicator of freshness).
A UMF certification provides a broader, independently verified assurance of quality, ensuring the honey is genuine and unadulterated. Many jars will display both ratings, with UMF 10+ correlating roughly to MGO 263+ and UMF 15+ to MGO 514+.
MGO Honey Comparison Guide
| MGO Level | Intended Use | Therapeutic Potency | Price Range | Flavor Profile |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MGO 83+ to 260+ | Everyday wellness, culinary | Mild to moderate | Lower-mid | Mild, sweeter, less intense |
| MGO 260+ to 500+ | Targeted support, seasonal health | Moderate to strong | Mid-range | Richer, more intense, slightly earthy |
| MGO 500+ and above | High-potency, specific therapeutic applications (e.g., wounds) | High to superior | Premium, expensive | Strong, robust, sometimes bitter or phenolic |
The Right MGO Level for You
Determining if a higher MGO honey is better depends on your purpose. For adding a natural sweetener with some antibacterial benefits to your daily routine, a lower MGO honey is sufficient and more cost-effective. However, for targeted therapeutic applications, such as wound care or addressing specific digestive issues, a higher MGO level is generally recommended due to its increased potency.
Ultimately, the best approach is to match the MGO rating to your personal health objectives. For general, everyday consumption, the moderate antibacterial activity of a lower-grade Manuka honey is sufficient. For more intensive, targeted support, the superior potency of a high-grade Manuka is the more appropriate choice. Always opt for a product with reliable certification, such as UMF, to ensure you are purchasing authentic, high-quality Manuka honey. You can read more about the benefits and safe use of honey on authoritative health websites.
Conclusion
While a higher MGO rating undeniably signifies a more potent and antibacterially active honey, it isn't universally "better." The ideal MGO level is determined by the consumer's specific dietary or therapeutic goals. Lower MGO honey is perfect for everyday use and general wellness, while higher grades are best reserved for targeted health applications where maximum antibacterial strength is desired. By understanding the distinction between MGO levels, consumers can make an informed choice that aligns with their health, budget, and taste preferences, ensuring they get the most value from this unique nutritional product.
