The Spiritual Significance of Monday Fasting
Monday, known as Somvar in Sanskrit, is dedicated to the worship of Lord Shiva, one of the principal deities of Hinduism. The name 'Somvar' itself relates to 'Som,' meaning the moon, which adorns Lord Shiva's head. Fasting on this day, or Somvar Vrat, is a way for devotees to honor Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, seeking their blessings for a prosperous and peaceful life. The practice is believed to align one's mind, governed by the moon, with spiritual intentions, leading to mental clarity and inner peace. The observances are undertaken by men and women alike, with specific wishes like a happy married life, good health, or a desired life partner.
Why Monday is Dedicated to Lord Shiva
One popular legend traces the significance of Monday fasting back to Goddess Parvati, who performed severe penance and fasts on Mondays to win Lord Shiva as her husband. This act is the inspiration for many unmarried women, particularly in India, to observe the Solah Somvar Vrat (16 consecutive Mondays of fasting) to seek a husband like Lord Shiva. Fasting is also believed to be a tribute to Lord Shiva's immense sacrifice during the Samudra Manthan (ocean churning), where he consumed a lethal poison to save the universe, turning his throat blue and earning him the name Neelkanth.
Core Rules and Rituals of the Somvar Vrat
Observing a Monday fast requires adherence to specific rituals and practices to be considered fruitful. These are not merely dietary restrictions but a spiritual discipline.
Morning Preparations
- Wake Up Early: Devotees rise before sunrise, during the Brahma Muhurat, for an auspicious start to the day.
- Purification: A purifying bath is taken, and clean clothes, often white or light blue, are worn.
- Sankalp (Resolution): A vow is made to observe the fast with sincere devotion and without interruption.
- Altar Setup: An altar is prepared with an idol or photo of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, or a Shivalingam.
The Puja Vidhi (Worship Procedure)
- Invoke Lord Ganesha: Prayers are offered to Lord Ganesha to ensure the successful completion of the fast without obstacles.
- Abhishek: The Shivalingam is bathed with Panchamrit (a mix of milk, curd, honey, sugar, and ghee), followed by water.
- Offerings: Sacred items are offered to Lord Shiva, which may include:
- Bilva leaves (also known as Bel Patra)
- White flowers and sandalwood paste
- Dhatura flower and fruit
- Rice grains
- A ghee lamp (diya) and incense sticks
- Mantra Chanting: Devotees chant mantras like “Om Namah Shivaya” throughout the day, often using a Rudraksha mala.
The Vrat Katha
After the puja, devotees read or listen to the Somvar Vrat Katha, a story that explains the significance of the fast and highlights the blessings received by those who observe it sincerely. This is a crucial element of the ritual.
Types of Monday Fasts and Food Rules
The level of strictness for a Monday fast can vary, from a full waterless fast to a more flexible intake of sattvic (pure) foods.
Permissible Foods
For those observing a partial fast (phalahar or ek bhojan), certain foods are allowed.
- Fruits and Milk: Fresh fruits, dry fruits, and milk or milk-based products like curd and buttermilk are common choices.
- Sabudana: Tapioca pearls are a staple and can be made into khichdi.
- Buckwheat Flour: Dishes made from kuttu ka atta are permitted, such as puris.
- Veggies: Light vegetables, especially potatoes (aloo), are often consumed.
- Rock Salt: Regular table salt is replaced with sendha namak for all cooking purposes.
- Coconut Water: A natural and hydrating option.
Foods to Strictly Avoid
- Tamasic Foods: Onion, garlic, and non-vegetarian food are strictly forbidden.
- Grains: Most grains, rice, and lentils are avoided during the fast.
- Spices: A wide range of spices, including red chili, are prohibited, with rock salt and black pepper being exceptions.
- Alcohol and Tobacco: Abstaining from intoxication is essential for maintaining purity.
Comparison of Fasting Variations
| Feature | Nirjala Vrat (Strict) | Phalahar Vrat (Partial) | Ek Bhojan Vrat (One Meal) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food Intake | No food and no water from sunrise to sunset. | Light, sattvic foods like fruits, milk, and curd throughout the day. | One sattvic meal after the evening puja and aarti. |
| Drinks | Only permitted on the night before and morning after. | Can include water, milk, and fruit juices throughout the day. | Water can be consumed throughout the day. |
| Duration | Full day fast, broken on the next morning or evening after moonrise. | Throughout the day until the evening puja is complete. | Throughout the day, with one specific meal after evening puja. |
| Preparation | Requires strong mental and physical discipline; preparation is key. | Relatively easier to manage for beginners or those with health concerns. | A middle ground option for those who find a full day's fast difficult. |
Breaking the Fast (Vrat Parana)
The fast is traditionally broken after sunset, following the evening puja and aarti. The first meal is typically light and sattvic, prepared with the permitted ingredients. Popular choices include sweet dishes, fruits, or a light meal with buckwheat flour. It is also customary to share the prasad (offering) with family members and other devotees.
Conclusion
Observing the Somvar Vrat is a powerful and sacred practice that combines spiritual devotion with self-discipline. The rules of Monday fasting, including the morning puja, dietary restrictions, and specific rituals, are designed to purify the mind and body, drawing a devotee closer to Lord Shiva and Maa Parvati. Whether one chooses a strict fast or a partial one, the intention and sincerity of devotion are what truly matter. Through this practice, devotees seek not only the fulfillment of their wishes but also lasting peace, prosperity, and spiritual growth. The tradition, particularly during the auspicious month of Shravan, strengthens faith and fosters a deeper connection with the divine.
For more in-depth spiritual guidance, visit sources like Temple Purohit.
