Many fruits and vegetables are treated with a thin, edible, food-grade wax after harvesting. This process serves several important functions, including retaining moisture, protecting the produce from damage during transport, and improving its appearance. The original natural wax is typically removed during the cleaning process, so a new protective layer is applied to help the fruit stay fresh and visually appealing for longer.
Why is fruit waxed?
The practice of waxing produce has a long history, dating back centuries, and today's methods are refined to maximize benefits for both consumers and producers.
- Moisture retention: The primary reason for applying wax is to create a barrier that prevents moisture loss. Without this barrier, fruits would shrivel and wilt much faster.
- Enhanced appearance: Most people find shiny, vibrant produce more appealing. The wax coating gives fruits a glossy finish that catches the eye and improves marketability.
- Extended shelf life: By controlling the fruit's respiration rate and reducing moisture loss, the wax helps extend its shelf life, which is crucial for shipping produce over long distances.
- Protection against decay: Waxes can also include fungicides to inhibit mold and fungal growth, further protecting the fruit from spoilage.
A list of commonly waxed fruits
Consumers can find many different types of produce with wax coatings at the supermarket. It is important to note that organic produce can also have a wax coating, although it will be naturally sourced, such as carnauba wax or beeswax.
Apples: A classic example. Apples have their own natural wax, which is washed off, and then a food-grade wax is applied for shine and preservation. Citrus Fruits: Oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits are commonly waxed. The coating helps prevent moisture loss from their pores. Stone Fruits: Peaches, nectarines, and plums are often waxed to prevent bruising and moisture loss. Tropical Fruits: Mangoes, papayas, and passion fruit are also candidates for waxing to protect their delicate skin. Melons: Cantaloupe and honeydew melons may be waxed to reduce moisture loss and improve appearance.
Types of food-grade waxes
Several different types of edible waxes are used for produce coatings, and regulations can vary by country. The most common types include:
- Carnauba Wax: Sourced from the leaves of the carnauba palm tree, this vegetable wax is widely used for its durability and glossy finish.
- Shellac: Derived from the secretions of the female lac insect, this natural resin is used to provide a shiny, protective layer on fruits like apples and pears.
- Beeswax: This natural animal-sourced wax is sometimes used, particularly on organic produce.
- Petroleum-Based Waxes: This category, which includes paraffin wax and mineral oil, is commonly used on tropical fruits and some vegetables. These are food-grade and considered safe.
Comparison of common food-grade waxes
| Wax Type | Source | Primary Benefit | Organic Use? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carnauba Wax | Carnauba Palm Tree | Glossy finish and moisture retention | Yes, commonly used |
| Shellac | Lac Insect | High shine and protective barrier | Yes, permitted |
| Beeswax | Honeybees | Natural, effective moisture barrier | Yes, permitted |
| Paraffin Wax | Petroleum | Versatile and cost-effective | No, petroleum-based |
How to remove wax from fruit
While food-grade waxes are considered safe to consume, some people prefer to remove them. Since waxes are designed to be water-resistant, a simple cold rinse is often not enough. Here are effective methods for removing wax:
- Hot Water: Rinsing the fruit under hot water will soften the wax. As you rinse, scrub gently with a soft brush or a clean cloth to remove the coating.
- Vinegar Soak: A solution of water and vinegar is effective. Soak the fruit for a few minutes in a bowl with a mixture of four parts water to one part vinegar. Wipe clean with a cloth.
- Baking Soda: Create a paste with baking soda and water. Rub the paste gently over the fruit's surface and rinse thoroughly.
Is the wax on fruit safe to eat?
Yes, the waxes used on commercially sold fruits are regulated and approved by food safety authorities like the FDA and are generally considered safe for consumption. These food-grade coatings are typically indigestible and pass through the body without being absorbed. Concerns often arise from misconceptions about the source of the wax or the presence of additives, but proper regulations ensure safety. The biggest risk with any produce is contamination from bacteria on the surface, which is why proper washing, with or without wax, is always recommended.
Conclusion
Knowing what fruits are coated with wax and understanding the reasons behind it can help you make more informed choices at the grocery store. The process of applying food-grade wax is a standard industry practice designed to preserve the fruit's quality, extend its shelf life, and maintain its appealing appearance. While the wax itself is harmless, a simple wash with warm water and a bit of scrubbing can remove it for those who prefer to eat their fruit completely unwaxed. Whether you choose to eat it or remove it, the wax coating is a testament to the effort and technology used to ensure fresh, high-quality produce makes it to your table.
Additional resources
For more information on the FDA's regulations regarding waxed fruits and vegetables, you can visit their official guidance document online: FDA CPG Sec 562.550 Safety and Labeling of Waxed Fruits and Vegetables.
